Pharmacy Students and Pharmacy Technicians in Medication Reconciliation: A Review of the Current Literature

Champion, Heather M.; Loosen, Julia; Kennelty, Korey A.

doi:10.1177/0897190017738916

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the clinical and inter-professional learning possibilities of interprofessional student teams working together to review the medications of patients attending an outpatient clinic. Similar to other studies that focused on IPE, we also found that the students gained an understanding of other health professionals' capabilities [9,16,17]. Since previous studies have shown that healthcare students can actively be involved in taking medication histories and/or giving medication advice [16,18], our study is the first to show that a trained inter-professional student team can perform all the steps of a full medication review.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The clinical and educational outcomes of an inter-professional student-led medication review team, a pilot study

Reumerman

Richir

Nieuwenhuis

et al. 2020

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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Aims The involvement of an inter-professional healthcare student team in the review of medications used by geriatric patients could not only provide patients with optimized therapy but also provide students with a valuable inter-professional learning experience. We describe and evaluate the clinical and learning outcomes of an inter-professional student-run mediation review program (ISP). Subject and method A variable team consisting of students in medicine, pharmacy, master advanced nursing practice, and master physician assistant reviewed the medication lists of patients attending a specialized geriatric outpatient clinic. Results During 32 outpatient visits, 188 medications were reviewed. The students identified 14 medication-related problems, of which 4 were not recognized by healthcare professionals. The ISP team advised 95 medication changes, of which 68 (71.6%) were directly implemented. Students evaluated this pilot program positively and considered it educational (median score 4 out of 5) and thought it would contribute to their future inter-professional relationships. Conclusion An inter-professional team of healthcare students is an innovative healthcare improvement for (academic) hospitals to increase medication safety. Most formulated advices were directly incorporated in daily practice and could prevent future medication-related harm. The ISP also offers students a first opportunity to work in an inter-professional manner and get insight into the perspectives and qualities of their future colleagues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The clinical and educational outcomes of an inter-professional student-led medication review team, a pilot study

Reumerman

Richir

Nieuwenhuis

et al. 2020

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Methods that may be employed might include use of information technology, the use of verbal or pictographic information exchange, education of family members or caregivers, or the use of other educational resources or healthcare team members. 31,32 Clinicians and healthcare staff need to have a high level of awareness to detect and address low health literacy, medication errors and reconciliation problems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Associations Between Health Literacy and Medication Self-Management Among Community Health Center Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension</p>

Persell¹,

Karmali²,

Lee³

et al. 2020

PPA

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Purpose: Examine associations between health literacy and several medication selfmanagement constructs among a population of adults with uncontrolled hypertension. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study of health center patients from the Chicago area with uncontrolled hypertension enrolled between April 2012 and February 2015. Medication self-management constructs-applied to hypertension medications, chronic condition medications and all medications-included: 1) medication reconciliation, 2) knowledge of drug indications, 3) understanding instructions and dosing, and 4) self-reported adherence over 4 days (no missed doses). We determined associations between health literacy and self-management outcomes using multivariable generalized linear regression. Results: There were 1460 patients who completed screening interviews; 62.9% enrolled and had complete baseline data collected, and were included in the analysis. Of 919 participants, 47.4% had likely limited (low), 33.2% possibly limited, and 19.4% likely adequate health literacy. Compared to participants with likely adequate health literacy, participants with low health literacy were less likely to have chronic medications reconciled (18.0% versus 29.6%, p=0.007), know indications for chronic medications (64.1% versus 83.1%, p<0.001), and demonstrate understanding of instructions and dosing (68.1% versus 82.9%, p=0.001). Selfreported adherence to hypertension medications was higher among the low health literacy group (65.6% versus 56.0%, p=0.010). In multivariable models, health literacy was strongly associated with knowledge of drug indications, and understanding of instructions and dosing. Conclusion: Low health literacy was associated with worse medication self-management in several domains. However, non-adherence was greatest in the most health literate in unadjusted analysis. Among a population of patients with uncontrolled hypertension, the drivers of poor control may vary by health literacy.

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“…Pharmacy student-assisted medication reconciliation: Number and types of medication discrepancies identified by pharmacy students medication history during admission and identify discrepancies. [12][13][14][15][16] In the US, one study showed that 11 PharmD students identified 922 discrepancies when conducting medication reconciliation in 330 patients in three hospitals. 14 Furthermore, pharmacy students from the US and Canada have also been shown to obtain more accurate medication histories than fully trained nurses and physicians.…”

Section: Original Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 9 Despite clear benefits, many hospitals have reported that they are unable to provide this service to all patients due to workforce limitations and competing priorities for hospital pharmacists. 12 , 13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacy student-assisted medication reconciliation: Number and types of medication discrepancies identified by pharmacy students

Deep¹,

Schneider²,

Moles³

et al. 2021

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Background: Medication reconciliation aims to prevent unintentional medication discrepancies that can result in patient harm at transitions of care. Pharmacist-led medication reconciliation has clear benefits, however workforce limitations can be a barrier to providing this service. Pharmacy students are a potential workforce solution. Objective: To evaluate the number and type of medication discrepancies identified by pharmacy students. Methods: Fourth year pharmacy students completed best possible medication histories and identified discrepancies with prescribed medications for patients admitted to hospital. A retrospective audit was conducted to determine the number and type of medication discrepancies identified by pharmacy students, types of patients and medicines involved in discrepancies. Results: There were 294 patients included in the study. Overall, 72% (n=212/294) had medication discrepancies, the most common type being drug omission. A total of 645 discrepancies were identified, which was a median of three per patient. Patients with discrepancies were older than patients without discrepancies with a median (IQR) age of 74 (65-84) vs 68 (53-77) years (p=0.001). They also took more medicines with a median (IQR) number of 9 (6-3) vs 7 (2-10) medicines per patient (p<0.001). The most common types of medicines involved were those related to the alimentary tract and cardiovascular system. Conclusions: Pharmacy students identified medication discrepancies in over 70% of hospital inpatients, categorised primarily as drug omission. Pharmacy students can provide a beneficial service to the hospital and contribute to improved patient safety by assisting pharmacists with medication reconciliation.

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Pharmacy Students and Pharmacy Technicians in Medication Reconciliation: A Review of the Current Literature

Abstract: These findings suggest that pharmacy students and technicians are accurate, time efficient, decrease costs, and provide support to other health-care professionals when they are included in the medication reconciliation process.

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

The clinical and educational outcomes of an inter-professional student-led medication review team, a pilot study

The clinical and educational outcomes of an inter-professional student-led medication review team, a pilot study

<p>Associations Between Health Literacy and Medication Self-Management Among Community Health Center Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension</p>

Pharmacy student-assisted medication reconciliation: Number and types of medication discrepancies identified by pharmacy students

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