Pharmakotherapie mittels Nanomedizin

Abstract

The application of nanotechnology for the treatment, diagnosis, and monitoring of illnesses is summarized under the term nanomedicine. A particularly promising application is attributed to nanoparticular drug delivery systems. The goal of these new carrier systems is the selective enrichment of active substances in diseased tissue structures, an increase in bioavailability, the decrease of the active substance degradation and, above all, the reduction and/or avoidance of unwanted side effects. Apart from numerous nanosystems acting as carriers, the use of iron oxide nanoparticles has to be particularly emphasized. On the one hand, those particles are the carriers of the active substance and, on the other hand, can also be visualized with conventional imaging techniques (x-ray tomography, magnetic resonance imaging), called theranostic. In addition, they can be used for hyperthermia, another important supporting pillar of nanomedicine. Both procedures should lead to a personalized and goal-oriented therapy, which is of special medical and socioeconomic importance in view of the increasing number of cancer patients worldwide.

A magnetically shielded room with ultra low residual field and gradient

“…Magnetically shielded rooms (MSRs) provide low field (< 10 −9 T) and low gradient (< 10 −9 T/m) environments with strong damping of electromagnetic distortions over a wide range of frequencies. Applications include magnetic resonance imaging at very low fields 1 , measurements of biomagnetic fields of the brain at near-DC frequencies 2,3 , investigations with magnetic nanoparticles 4 and security applications 5 . Magnetic shielding is also crucial for experiments in fundamental physics, prominently in searches for electric dipole moments of fundamental systems (EDMs) [6][7][8][9] .…”

Magnetic Drug Targeting Reduces the Chemotherapeutic Burden on Circulating Leukocytes

“…Magnetic drug targeting (MDT), a new and innovative approach, has been developed to concentrate anticancer drugs in the tumor and reduce leakage into healthy tissues and cells. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are functionalized with a chemotherapeutic agent, injected into the vascular supply of the tumor, and directed into the tumor itself by means of an external magnetic field (Figure 1) [4]. …”

Dynamic Clustering and Scaling Behavior of Active Particles under Confinement

“…The applications of active particles span a diverse array, encompassing catalysis [ 1 ], toxin detection [ 2 , 3 ], cellular marking [ 4 ], wastewater treatment [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], CO 2 scrubbing [ 13 ], chemical and biological warfare agent neutralization [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], on-the-fly hydrogel polymerization [ 18 ], micropatterning [ 19 ], and even energy generation [ 20 ]. Indeed, the lion’s share of interest in active particles has been concentrated in the realm of medicine and chemistry, particularly in drug delivery and synthesis [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Magnetically controlled active particles, such as those made of iron oxide, have shown great promise in drug delivery as well as in the removal of blockages from blood vessels within the body [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”