Pharyngo-esophageal dysphagia as a clinical presentation of esophageal achalasia

Interpretation of a Manometric Trace of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter

“…The analysis of the crico-esophageal coordination permitted us to identify abnormalities in several patients suffering from high dysphagia that would have been remained undiagnosed. Crico-esophageal abnormalities have been found in patients with Zenker diverticulum,7 tight Nissen8 and achalasia of the LES 9. A new classification of the pharyngo-esophageal motility disorders was proposed: pharyngeal (pre-sphincteric), sphincteric and esophageal (post-sphincteric) disorders 10…”