Phase 2a randomized, placebo-controlled study of anti–IL-33 in peanut allergy

There is increasing evidence regarding the importance of allergic sensitization through the skin. In this review, we provide an overview of the atopic march and immune mechanism underlying the sensitization and effector phase of food allergy. We present experimental models and human data that support the concept of epicutaneous sensitization and how this forms one half of the dual‐allergen exposure hypothesis. We discuss specific important elements in the skin (FLG and other skin barrier gene mutations, Langerhans cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, IL‐33, TSLP) that have important roles in the development of allergic responses as well as the body of evidence on environmental allergen exposure and how this can sensitize an individual. Given the link between skin barrier impairment, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinitis, it is logical that restoring the skin barrier and prevention or treating atopic dermatitis would have beneficial effects on prevention of related allergic diseases, particularly food allergy. We present the experimental and human studies that have evaluated this approach and discuss various factors which may influence the success of these approaches, such as the type of emollient chosen for the intervention, the role of managing skin inflammation, and differences between primary and secondary prevention of atopic dermatitis to achieve the desired outcome.

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“…Neutralization of IL-33 has also been shown as a promising strategy for the treatment for FA and AD. 83,84…”

Section: Interleukin 33 (Il-33)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epicutaneous sensitization in the development of food allergy: What is the evidence and how can this be prevented?

Brough

Nadeau

Sindher

et al. 2020

Allergy

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191

168

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“…At present, there are only a few biologics targeting these cytokines for the treatment of airway diseases and most of them are ongoing or are still in phase I or phase II clinical trial (Table 2). 97‐103 Therefore, endotype‐directed therapy related to these cytokines is beyond the scope of this review.…”

Section: Research Needs and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of IL‐25, IL‐33, and TSLP in triggering united airway diseases toward type 2 inflammation

Hong

Liao

Chen

et al. 2020

Allergy

160

107

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Under the concept of "united airway diseases," the airway is a single organ wherein upper and lower airway diseases are commonly comorbid. The upper and lower airways are lined with respiratory epithelium that plays a vital role in immune surveillance and modulation as the first line of defense to various infective pathogens, allergens, and physical insults. Recently, there is a common hypothesis emphasizing epithelium‐derived cytokines, namely IL‐25, IL‐33, and TSLP, as key regulatory factors that link in immune‐pathogenic mechanisms of allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and asthma, mainly involving in type 2 inflammatory responses and linking innate and adaptive immunities. Herein, we review studies that elucidated the role of epithelium‐derived triple cytokines in both upper and lower airways with the purpose of expediting better clinical treatments and managements of AR, CRS, asthma, and other associated allergic diseases via applications of the modulators of these cytokines.

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“…previously. 12 The mixed-effect linear regression models were fitted to each marker (log-transformed) as a function of intervention group, study time, and their interaction. The significant interaction term represents significant difference between the change of markers over study time across the Aveeno™ and EpiCeram™ groups.…”

Section: Methods For Characterization Of T-cell Subsets Have Been Detmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increases in plasma IgG4/IgE with trilipid vs paraffin/petrolatum‐based emollients for dry skin/eczema

Sindher

Alkotob

Shojinaga

et al. 2020

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Phase 2a randomized, placebo-controlled study of anti–IL-33 in peanut allergy

Abstract: Greer, and Boehringer Ingelheim and is a scientific advisory board member for Alladapt Immunotherapeutics. ML is currently an employee at AnaptysBio. DP was an investigator for the study and received funds from AnaptysBio.

Cited by 155 publications

References 42 publications

Epicutaneous sensitization in the development of food allergy: What is the evidence and how can this be prevented?

Epicutaneous sensitization in the development of food allergy: What is the evidence and how can this be prevented?

Role of IL‐25, IL‐33, and TSLP in triggering united airway diseases toward type 2 inflammation

Increases in plasma IgG4/IgE with trilipid vs paraffin/petrolatum‐based emollients for dry skin/eczema

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