Phase and microstructural evolution in white etching layer of a pearlitic steel during rolling–sliding friction

Zhou, Yi; Peng, Jianping; Luo, Zhiping; Cao, Baobao; Jin, Xuesong; Zhu, Minhao

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2016.05.007

Cited by 63 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It was also concluded from the literature that two main mechanisms can be used to explain the formation of the WEL. The first one is based on the combined action of friction and heat and the increase of dislocations density that occurs due to plastic deformation [8]. The other mechanism is temperature levels above the austenite phase transition temperature of the material following with rapid cooling of the material [22].…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first one is based on the combined action of friction and heat, and the dislocation that occurs due to plastic deformation. The other mechanism occurs when temperature levels exceed the austenite phase transition temperature of the material combined with rapid cooling [7][8]. Generally, rails have a pearlitic structure with several microstructure variations accordingly to the manufacturer requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A laboratory demonstration of rail grinding and analysis of running roughness and wear

Mesaritis

Shamsa

Cuervo

et al. 2020

Wear

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Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A laboratory demonstration of rail grinding and analysis of running roughness and wear

Mesaritis

Shamsa

Cuervo

et al. 2020

Wear

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“…This essential microstructural change appeared during the formation of the WEA compared to previous study, which consist of nanocrystalline ferrites [5,9,22]. It is generally accepted that the existence of austenite provided an evidence of phase transformation [23,24].…”

Section: Phase Transformation and Amorphization In The Weamentioning

confidence: 49%

Phase transformation in white etching area in rolling contact fatigue

et al. 2018

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) involves microstructural change in the subsurface of contact. The changed microstructure is generally termed as white etching area (WEA) as it appears white under optical microscope when etching in nital solution. WEA has been acknowledged as one of the primary failure modes in RCF since it causes severe local inhomogeneity of microstructure. It was reported that WEA consists of nano ferrites as martensite grains and carbides are significantly refined in the WEA. Some carbides are dissolved. In some cases, an amorphous-like structure was occasionally observed in the WEA, indicating that phase transformation may possibly occur. The WEAs were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). The result showed that WEA is dominated with an amorphous phase with martensite, austenite and carbides embedded interior. A distinct interface between the matrix and the WEA was present. In addition to grain refinement down to nanometers, phase transformation including amorphization and austenitization happened in WEAs. The content of austenite was increased from 2% in the matrix to 20% in the WEA. The analysis showed that phase transformation is controlled by plastic deformation mechanism.

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“…Only some steels seem to achieve higher hardness than the one presented here. Twelve GPa was measured in the white etching layer of a pearlitic steel subject to rolling-sliding wear [ 55 ]. Surface modification of a Fe-1.2%Mn-0.8%Si-0.04%C achieved a nanohardness of 16.2 GPa through the amorphisation of cementite [ 56 ]; shock-compressed martensitic steel can reach 19.2 GPa by means of a dispersion of nanoprecipitates [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Nanostructuring of a CuAlBe Shape Memory Alloy Produces a 10.3 ± 0.6 GPa Nanohardness Martensite Microstructure

et al. 2020

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Severe plastic deformation (SPD) has led to the discovery of ever stronger materials, either by bulk modification or by surface deformation under sliding contact. These processes increase the strength of an alloy through the transformation of the deformation substructure into submicrometric grains or twins. Here, surface SPD was induced by plastic deformation under frictional contact with a spherical tool in a hot rolled CuAlBe-shape memory alloy. This created a microstructure consisting of a few course martensite variants and ultrafine intersecting bands of secondary martensite and/or austenite, increasing the nanohardness of hot-rolled material from 2.6 to 10.3 GPa. In as-cast material the increase was from 2.4 to 5 GPa. The friction coefficient and surface damage were significantly higher in the hot rolled condition. Metallographic evidence showed that hot rolling was not followed by recrystallisation. This means that a remaining dislocation substructure can lock the martensite and impedes back-transformation to austenite. In the as-cast material, a very fine but softer austenite microstructure was found. The observed difference in properties provides an opportunity to fine-tune the process either for optimal wear resistance or for maximum surface hardness. The modified hot-rolled material possesses the highest hardness obtained to date in nanostructured non-ferrous alloys.

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Phase and microstructural evolution in white etching layer of a pearlitic steel during rolling–sliding friction

Cited by 63 publications

References 53 publications

A laboratory demonstration of rail grinding and analysis of running roughness and wear

A laboratory demonstration of rail grinding and analysis of running roughness and wear

Phase transformation in white etching area in rolling contact fatigue

Surface Nanostructuring of a CuAlBe Shape Memory Alloy Produces a 10.3 ± 0.6 GPa Nanohardness Martensite Microstructure

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