Phase Angle Association with Dietary Habits and Metabolic Syndrome in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Phase angle (PhA) levels are often lower than normal because both disease-specific parameters and disease-related inflammatory status, metabolic syndrome (MetS) included, can affect PhA. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare body composition, metabolic profile and dietary patterns of participants with arterial hypertension (AH), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and MetS with regard to PhA values. A total of 208 participants were included, of whom 53.6% were males. For each participant, data about body composition and anthropometric parameters, clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) were obtained. MC-780 Multi Frequency Segmental Body Mass Analyzer (Tanita) was used to assess body composition. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The results showed that 75 (36.06%) participants had low PhA values and 133 (63.94%) had high PhA values. Participants with higher PhA values had significantly higher body fat percentage (p = 0.04), fat-free mass (kg; p < 0.001), muscle mass (kg; p < 0.001), skeletal muscle mass (% and kg; p < 0.001), sarcopenic index (SMI; p < 0.001) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC; p = 0.04), as well as lower fat mass percentage (p = 0.04). Regarding food frequency consumption, significantly higher intakes of red meat (p = 0.003), poultry (p = 0.02) and fast food (p = 0.003) were noticed in participants with higher PhA values. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) was exceptionally low in both groups of participants, with significantly higher fish intake noticed in participants with high PhA (p = 0.03). In conclusion, our results showed that body composition could be the indicator of PhA in MetS as well as overall low adherence to the MeDi principles. These findings highlight the importance of adequate nutritional strategies and novel approaches to maintaining optimal body composition and adopting proper eating habits within the framework of one’s disease.

Relationship between Mediterranean Diet and Phase Angle in a Sample of Patients with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

“…The population studied by Barrea et al [17] was younger, without diabetes mellitus or MS and with less weight than ours was, but the results were similar to ours. Bucan et al [18] reported in a diabetic hypertensive population a relationship between MD Serving score and PhA. In this study, higher intakes of red meat, poultry, and fast food were reported in subjects with high PhA.…”

“…The positive association between the intake of red meat and poultry with PhA has a biologically plausible explanation for the increased supply of amino acids and proteins. In our work, we did not evaluate the intake of fast food; however, in the previous work [18] the authors commented that in their country these types of foods are sausages and burgers and roasted chicken, all sources of proteins. Our results show a relationship between the intake of fat, protein, and cholesterol with the PhA.…”

“…All these foods are characteristic ingredients of a MD in healthy Brazilian individuals. The potential influence of a MD, on PhA values has been in a Caucasian adult population [17] and in patients with established diabetes mellitus [18], too. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between adherence of a MD and PhA on adult sample population with obesity and MS.…”

Conflicting Associations among Bioelectrical Impedance and Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Young White and Black Adults

“…Under normal circumstances, HDL aids in maintaining the cell membrane through the prevention of cellular cholesterol toxicity (38), which occurs via HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux and inhibition of LDL oxidation (39). However, during aging and/or dyslipidemia, HDL function is exposed to physiological disruption resulting in potential impairments of the cell (23,40). For instance, during dyslipidemia, positive imbalances in cellular cholesterol homeostasis (also known as cholesterol overloading) may lead to reductions in total HDL (41) and HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux (39), subsequently increasing cellular LDL accumulation and oxidation.…”

Association between serum uric acid and phase angle in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study

“…The relationship between phase angle and metabolism in diabetic patients has been worked out in many laboratories, and it is well reported. However, reports on direct work related to uric acid and phase angle in relation to diabetes are few ( 3 , 11 , 12 ).…”