Phase Behavior and Formation of O/W Nano-Emulsion in Vegetable Oil/ Mixture of Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate and Polyglycerin Fatty Acid Ester/Water Systems

O/W Nano-Emulsion Formation Using an Isothermal Low-Energy Emulsification Method in a Mixture of Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate and Hexaglycerol Monolaurate with Glycerol System

“…3-b, c, oil or glycerol separated and the lower layer of sample b or the upper layer of sample c showed birefringence more intensively in flow state. This behavior is characteristic of L 3 phase as described in our previous report 16 . These samples showed birefringence under polarization microscopy Fig.2-b, c , and showed birefringence in lower layer for sample b and between L 3 layer and glycerol layer for sample c as shown in Fig.…”

“…Figure 1 shows the phase diagram of the water/surfactant HLP/vegetable oil system A and the glycerol/surfactant HLP/vegetable oil system B at 25 . Figure 1A is constructed based on previous article 16 with additional investigations to clearly explain differences between the system with water and the system with glycerol. For the water/surfactant HLP/vegetable oil system 16) with additional investigations.…”

“…Figure 1A is constructed based on previous article 16 with additional investigations to clearly explain differences between the system with water and the system with glycerol. For the water/surfactant HLP/vegetable oil system 16) with additional investigations. L 3 , Lc, La, Wm, G and O indicate a sponge phase, a liquid crystalline phase, a lamellar phase, a micellar phase, a glycerol phase and an oil phase, respectively.…”

“…In our previous study, we have demonstrated that nanoemulsions suitable for use in food systems can be prepared using an isothermal low-energy emulsification method, consisting of stepwise addition of water to the phase of the water/mixture of polyglycerol polyricinoleate PGPR and polyglycerol fatty acid ester PGFA /vegetable oil at a constant temperature 25 with moderate mixing using a stirrer operated at a rotational speed around 300 rpm 16 . In comparing the phase diagram of the ternary system and the droplet size in the resulting emulsions, it was found that o/w nano-emulsions with droplet sizes as small as 50 nm were formed by emulsifying from either a single sponge phase L 3 or a two-phase region, liquid crystalline phase Lc L 3 .…”

“…The objective of this research is to investigate how phase behavior changes by replacing water with glycerol in water/ mixture of PGPR and hexaglycerol monolaurate HGML / vegetable oil systems, and to determine the effect of incorporating glycerol in mixtures of PGPR and HGML on nanoemulsion formation using an isothermal low-energy method. In addition, unlike in our previous study where we added water step by step to the prepared phase while stirring 16 , in this study, we attempted to prepare nano-emulsions with a simple one-step addition of water to the prepared phase without using a stirrer.…”