Phase Behavior of the System Trehalose-NaCl-Water

Nicolajsen, Henrik V.; Hvidt, Aase

doi:10.1006/cryo.1994.1024

Cited by 67 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Chen et al [90] reviewed all the reported data and found a good agreement among these for the ice-melting curve [91][92][93], although the data reported by Nicolajsen and Hvidt [91] showed lower ice-melting temperatures, particularly at higher trehalose concentration than other studies. Also, the solubility values reported by Nicolajsen and Hvidt [91] are much higher than those from other authors [92][93][94] and have been discarded in the comparison. Moreover, the solubility data by Lammert et al [94] seem to deviate from the previous studies [92,93], which extend over a wider range of trehalose composition.…”

Section: Freezing Point and Carbohydrate Solubility In Aqueous Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Empirical and theoretical models of equilibrium and non-equilibrium transition temperatures of supplemented phase diagrams in aqueous systems (IUPAC Technical Report)

Corti

Angell

Auffret

et al. 2010

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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This paper describes the main thermodynamic concepts related to the construction of supplemented phase (or state) diagrams (SPDs) for aqueous solutions containing vitrifying agents used in the cryo-and dehydro-preservation of natural (foods, seeds, etc.) and synthetic (pharmaceuticals) products. It also reviews the empirical and theoretical equations employed to predict equilibrium transitions (ice freezing, solute solubility) and non-equilibrium transitions (glass transition and the extrapolated freezing curve). The comparison with experimental results is restricted to carbohydrate aqueous solutions, because these are the most widely used cryoprotectant agents. The paper identifies the best standard procedure to determine the glass transition curve over the entire water-content scale, and how to determine the temperature and concentration of the maximally freeze-concentrated solution.

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Section: Freezing Point and Carbohydrate Solubility In Aqueous Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Empirical and theoretical models of equilibrium and non-equilibrium transition temperatures of supplemented phase diagrams in aqueous systems (IUPAC Technical Report)

Corti

Angell

Auffret

et al. 2010

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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“…Another effect of substances like sugars and glycerol is that they alter the mechanical properties of the medium. The increased viscosity of sugar media can prevent eutectic crystallization of solutes (21). Furthermore, due to the increased viscosity and higher glass-forming tendency, the form and shape of the channels of unfrozen solution will be different in the presence of sugars and other polyols, and the plasticity of the unfrozen solution will be increased.…”

Section: The Influence Of Medium Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals and recent development in cryopreservation of bull and boar semen

Woelders¹

1997

Veterinary Quarterly

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pes of lipid will aggregate in domains of gel-like (` frozen') lipid, thus excluding other lipid species that still remain in the liquid-crystalline (melted) state. Membrane proteins are also excluded from these gel domains and consequently find themselves in a non-physiological lipid environment (lateral phase separation (7,22). This is believed to impair the function of membrane proteins that are necessary for structural integrity (cytoskeleton) or ion metabolism (ion pumps). A second change in the environment of the sperm takes place when liquid water is converted into ice. Spontaneous ice nucleation will usually occur after the solution is supercooled to a temperature between -Sand -15 °C. This is due to the fact that small ice crystals have a large surface tension, which makes them thermodynamically unstable. Therefore, spontaneous ice nucleation is a random process, occurring only when, by chance, enough molecules with a lower-than-average kinetic energy get together and form a stable ice nucleus. Once this has happened, the ice crystals will grow rapidly in all directions. The release of the latent heat of fusion then causes the sample to warm up abruptly, until the freezing/ melting temperature of the solution (of the remaining unfrozen fraction) is reached. At this point, ice formation stops or proceeds at a rate governed by the rate at which the sample is further cooled. What remains is the so-called unfrozen fraction, in which all cells and all solutes are confined. The concentration of the sugars, salts, and cryoprotectant (e.g. glycerol), and, consequently, also the osmotic pressure of the unfrozen fraction, increases rapidly. At the same time, the volume of the unfrozen fraction decreases rapidly. The increase in the osmotic strength causes an efflux of water from the cells. Therefore, the intracellular concentration of salts and glycerol also increases until the osmotic pressure inside the cells is as high as that outside the cells. As cooling continues, these processes continue until the viscosity of the unfrozen fraction becomes too high for any further crystallization. All the above physical and physicochemical changes imply as many hazards for the cells:-Dehydration of the membranes and intracellular components, with subsequent loss of stability of the lipid bilayer, and denaturation of proteins (3, 14, 27). -The efflux of water itself is proposed to be a cause of damage to the cell membrane (19, 20). -The fast efflux of water causes a rapid decrease in the volume of the cells to some 50 % of their original volume, which leads to structural deformation of the cells. The cells find themselves confined to very narrow channels of unfrozen solution, squeezed in between growing masses of ice, which could also lead to mechanical stress in the cells (24). Extremely high concentrations of salts could be a cause of damage by itself (15), affecting the cell membrane or intracellular components. Also, extracellular salts could leak into the cells, changing the intracellular ion composition FUNDAMENTALS A...

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“…A slight increase in salt concentration can lead to significant changes in the physicochemical properties of the excipients during freezing and drying. [7][8][9][10] Therefore, it is important to investigate and understand how the freezing step, the low-temperature behavior, and the subsequent drying process of a formulation are influenced by the salt concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicohemical characterization of the freezing behavior of mannitol-human serum albumin formulations

Hawe

Frieß

2006

AAPS PharmSciTech

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The goal of the study was to analyze the impact of human serum albumin (HSA) quality (stabilized or nonstabilized HSA), the addition of NaCl, and the HSA stabilizers Naoctanoate and Na-N-acetyltryptophanate on the freezing behavior of mannitol-HSA formulations. The focus was on crystallization, Tg' (glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated phase), and Tc (collapse temperature). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cryomicroscopy, and low-temperature x-ray powder diffraction (LTXRD) were used to study the frozen state. In mannitol-HSA formulations, mannitol crystallization was inhibited and Tg' lowered to a greater extent by stabilized HSA (containing Na-octanoate, Na-N-acetyltryptophanate, and NaCl) than by unstabilized HSA. Detailed DSC and LTXRD studies showed that in the concentrations used for stabilizing HSA, NaCl led to changes in the freezing behavior, an effect that was less pronounced for the other stabilizers. NaCl further lowered the Tc, which was determined by cryomicroscopy. As the freezing behavior governs the lyophilization process, the changes have to be taken into consideration for the development of a lyophilization cycle, to avoid collapse and instabilities.

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Phase Behavior of the System Trehalose-NaCl-Water

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Empirical and theoretical models of equilibrium and non-equilibrium transition temperatures of supplemented phase diagrams in aqueous systems (IUPAC Technical Report)

Empirical and theoretical models of equilibrium and non-equilibrium transition temperatures of supplemented phase diagrams in aqueous systems (IUPAC Technical Report)

Fundamentals and recent development in cryopreservation of bull and boar semen

Physicohemical characterization of the freezing behavior of mannitol-human serum albumin formulations

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