Phase Coexistence in Congested States of Pedestrian Dynamics

Seyfried, Armin; Portz, Andrea; Schadschneider, Andreas

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15979-4_53

Cited by 56 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…2 shows a time-space diagram in the measurement area, which has a length of 27 m, from one run of the bicycle experiment. Similar trajectory plots for car and pedestrian motion can be found in [11,13].…”

Section: Trajectoriessupporting

confidence: 60%

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Universal flow-density relation of single-file bicycle, pedestrian and car motion

et al. 2014

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The relation between flow and density is an essential quantitative characteristic to describe the efficiency of traffic systems. We have performed experiments with single-file motion of bicycles and compare the results with previous studies for car and pedestrian motion in similar setups. In the space-time diagrams we observe three different states of motion (free flow state, jammed state and stop-and-go waves) in all these systems. Despite of their obvious differences they are described by a universal fundamental diagram after proper rescaling of space and time which takes into account the size and free velocity of the three kinds of agents. This indicates that the similarities between the systems go deeper than expected.

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Section: Trajectoriessupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The transient decelerations of pedestrians can be observed sometimes but are not the main property of the movement for ρ < 1.7 m −1 . For ρ > 1.7 m −1 , stop-and-go waves dominate the motion of the pedestrians, which can be seen in [11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Universal flow-density relation of single-file bicycle, pedestrian and car motion

et al. 2014

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“…The fundamental diagram has been the focus of research for several decades. [1,3,4,6,7,9,10] and many others (e.g. [2,5,8]) have measured and compiled this type of data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Diagrams for Specific Very High Density Crowds

Löhner

Muhamad²,

Dambalmath³

et al. 2018

Coll Dyn

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An experimental campaign was undertaken to measure the pedestrian flow in the region close to the Kaaba during the Hajj pilgrimages of 2014 and 2015. High resolution video and photographs were used. The space was divided into areas of 10 m 2 . The pedestrians were counted, and the velocity measured from video clips. The results were surprising: the velocity in the very high density region increases, which implies also an increase of the flux. The flux in this region (with more than 8 p/m 2 ) reaches values that exceed 3.5 p/m/s, much higher than previously recorded under more 'standard conditions' in corridors and passages.

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“…d aαβ andd gαβ are the algorithmic and geometric mean between current and expected future distance d αβ and d f αβ . 3 If -as in the scenario discussed in this work -pedestrians α and β have the same velocity or if ∆t = 0 it isd gαβ =d aαβ = d f αβ = d αβ and elliptical specification II gives the same force for α as the circular specification. Now we investigate the steady state of this -in fact both -model(s).…”

Section: The Social Force Model For Steady-states In Single-file Movementioning

confidence: 94%

The Inflection Point of the Speed-Density Relation and the Social Force Model

2016

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It has been argued that the speed-density diagram of pedestrian movement has an inflection point [1] (p. 3, "Domain I: ... At low densities there is a small and increasing decline of the velocity ... Domain III: ... For growing density the velocity remains nearly constant."). This inflection point was found empirically in investigations of closed-loop single-file pedestrian movement.The reduced complexity of single-file movement does not only allow a higher precision for the evaluation of empirical data, but it also significantly simplifies analytical considerations. This is especially true if one assumes homogeneous conditions, i.e. neglects temporal variations (consider time averages, neglect stop-and-go waves), individual differences of pedestrians (all simulated pedestrians have identical parameters) and investigates only steady-state (not the initial phase). As will be shown in this contribution one then can make a transition from the microscopic to a continuous and macroscopic perspective.Building on that it will be shown that certain (common) variants of the Social Force Model (SFM) do not produce an inflection point in the speed-density diagram if -assuming periodic boundary conditions -infinitely many pedestrians contribute to the force computed for one pedestrian. It will furthermore be shown that if -in said 1d movement situation -one only considers nearest neighbors for the computation of the interpedestrian forces the Social Force Model in the continuous description results in the so called Kladek formula for the speed-density relation. Since the Kladek formula exhibits the desired inflection point this observation is used as a motivation for an extension of the Social Force Model which allows to transform the continuous description of the SFM continuously to the Kladek formula and which also exhibits the inflection point in the speed density relation. It will be shown then, that this extended SFM yields astonishingly similar speed density relations as the original SFM when only a fixed limited number of (nearest) pedestrians are considered in the computation of the inter-pedestrian force. Finally it will be discussed, if also the description of the speed-density diagram for (motorized, four-wheel) vehicular and/or bicycle traffic could benefit from these measures.

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Phase Coexistence in Congested States of Pedestrian Dynamics

Cited by 56 publications

References 7 publications

Universal flow-density relation of single-file bicycle, pedestrian and car motion

Universal flow-density relation of single-file bicycle, pedestrian and car motion

Fundamental Diagrams for Specific Very High Density Crowds

The Inflection Point of the Speed-Density Relation and the Social Force Model

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