Phase conjugation due to stimulated Brillouin-scattering in a loop system with a mirror

Nucleon deformation in finite nuclei

“…The dependence N = N [Θ(θ), Φ(θ, ϕ)] and the dependence of the profile function F on the direction of the radial co-ordinate space vector r − R characterizes the deformation of the skyrmion. As it was mentioned above, in the works [9][10][11] such deformation was taken into account when considering properties of multi-skyrmionic systems. These modifications are dictated by the topological properties of the model, in particular the Φ(θ, ϕ) dependence is dictated by the constraint that the baryon number is larger than one, B > 1.…”

“…In the more general case, N is a functional of some angular functions Θ(θ), Φ(θ, ϕ) [10,11]. The dependence N = N [Θ(θ), Φ(θ, ϕ)] and the dependence of the profile function F on the direction of the radial co-ordinate space vector r − R characterizes the deformation of the skyrmion.…”

“…in order to avoid singularities from factors like sin Θ/sin θ in the expression of the mass functional (11) [10,11]. In eqs.…”

“…On the other hand, rotational and vibrational excitations of deformed skyrmions have also been considered for baryon number equal to one (B = 1) system [8]. In a series of papers [9][10][11] axially symmetric few-skyrmion systems with baryon number B larger than one were investigated, because spherically symmetric configurations in the skyrme model do not give bound skyrmionic systems [12] even for the solutions of the model within the finite nuclei as considered in ref. [13] (for similar or related work, see also ref.…”

“…[14]). In the works [8,10,11] the deformation is introduced by a modification of the unit spherical vector and additionally through the modification of the profile function [9] in the expression of the ansatz for the chiral field (for more precise definitions, see below). The results of all investigations for B > 1 systems lead to the conclusion that the system has to be deformed to obtain the ground state.…”