Phase-controlled synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 powders via the microwave-assisted solvothermal route

Lin, Yi-Hsung; Das, Subrata; Yang, Chang-Hao; Sung, Jen-Cheng; Lu, Chung‐Hsin

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.254

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It consumes less energy and time and gives larger quantity of phase pure CZTS NCs. Successful synthesis of phase pure CZTS NCs using this fast and simple method has been reported earlier using different solvents including ethylene glycol and ethylene diamine and with different precursors and sulfur sources …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Successful synthesis of phase pure CZTS NCs using this fast and simple method has been reported earlier using different solvents including ethylene glycol and ethylene diamine and with different precursors and sulfur sources. [21][22][23][24][25] The objective of the present work is to improve the properties of the CZTS NCs synthesized by rapid microwave-assisted method. 25 Larger particle sizes were seen to give porous thin films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of oleylamine on microwave synthesized Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ nanocrystals for photovoltaic junctions

Krishnan¹,

Geetha²,

Kannan³

2019

Int J Energy Res

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SUMMARY Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) with its high absorption coefficient, optimal band gap, and non‐toxic, earth‐abundant elemental constituents is a promising absorber material for low cost and high‐performance photovoltaics. CZTS nanocrystals were prepared by microwave‐assisted thermolysis method using ethylene glycol solvent in a rapid and energy efficient process with and without oleylamine as additional capping agent. X‐ray diffraction data indicated crystallite sizes of 5 and 12 nm respectively. Raman spectra showed the formation of pure Cu2ZnSnS4 phase in both cases. With pure ethylene glycol solvent, field emission scanning electron microscopy images showed particle sizes around 250 nm, ultraviolet‐visible absorption data gave optical band gap of 1.52 eV and Hall measurements yielded electrical resistivity ~70 Ωcm, carrier density ~2.7 × 1016/cm3, and hole mobility ~3.24 cm2/Vs. Adding optimum amount of oleylamine reduced the particle size to 100 nm and lower. The optical band gap reduced to 1.48 eV and electrical resistivity, carrier concentration, and Hall mobility changed to ~5.9 × 104 Ωcm, 2.57 × 1012/cm3, and 4.1 cm2/Vs respectively. A knee voltage of ~0.8 V shown by CZTS/CdS p‐n junction indicated that a good Voc can be expected from a solar cell constructed with the CZTS nanocrystals as absorber layer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oleylamine on microwave synthesized Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ nanocrystals for photovoltaic junctions

Krishnan¹,

Geetha²,

Kannan³

2019

Int J Energy Res

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“…This is significant because the crystal structure of a light-absorbing material determines its optoelectronic properties, which, in turn, affect its performance in PV devices [8]. Considering the need for materials with multiple applications, researchers have developed various methods for chalcogenide synthesis and have attempted to discover the reasons for their crystallization in different structures [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Sulfur Precursor on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cu2MnSnS4

et al. 2021

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Cu2MnSnS4 (CMTS) is acknowledged as an alternative to traditional semiconductors. The structure and microstructure of synthetic CMTS depend on, among other things, the types of sulfur sources used. Traditionally obtained CMTS mostly has a tetragonal structure. In this study, the effect of using thiourea (Tu) or Na2S as a sulfur source on the product structure was compared using hydrothermal synthesis at 190 °C for 7 days (ethylene glycol with water in the presence of poly(vinylpyrollidone) was used as a solvent). When Tu was used, CMTS precipitated in the form of concentric microspheres, 1–1.5 µm in size, consisting of hexagonal (in the cores) and tetragonal (the rims) forms. Most probably, the rapidly formed hexagonal nucleus was later surrounded by a slower-forming rim with a tetragonal structure. In contrast, when Na2S was used as a precursor, microspheres were not formed and a fine crystalline material with a homogeneous tetragonal structure was obtained. This allowed for the choice of micromorphology and product structure during synthesis.

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“…In this process, the microwave radiation is used as an alternative to conventional heating source in the reaction process. During the MACBD process, heat is generated by dipolar molecular rotation and the oscillation of ions in the solution, thereby enabling the rapid deposition of CdS films . Although several reports related to the synthesis of CdS films prepared via the MACBD process have been published, few studies have been conducted on MACBD‐derived CdS films in CIGS solar cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ammonia concentration on the formation of CdS fabricated via microwave‐assisted chemical bath deposition

et al. 2017

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The microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition (MACBD) process was successfully developed in this study for the preparation of cadmium sulfide (CdS) films as the buffer layers in Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 solar cells. The MACBD process reduces the reaction time to just 8 min. During the MACBD process, increasing the concentration of NH 4 OH in the solution effectively reduced the thickness of the films as well as the particle sizes of in CdS films. At high NH 4 OH concentrations, the heterogeneous nucleation of CdS dominated, and the formation of films was controlled via the ion-by-ion growth mechanism. Increasing the concentration of NH 4 OH from 1 to 2.5 M significantly increased the conversion efficiency of the fabricated CIGS solar cells from 7.15% to 9.12%. The increase in the efficiency was attributed to an increase in the absorption of incident light and the enhancement of the carrier collection due to a reduction in the thickness of the prepared CdS films. According to diode analysis, the improvement in the diode ideality factor and leakage current was owing to the uniform coverage of CdS films and a reduction in series resistance associated with a decrease in the thickness of CdS films. When the concentration of ammonia was further increased to 3 M, incomplete coverage of CdS films on CIGS layers resulted in the formation of shunt paths and degraded the cell performance. This study demonstrated that CdS films prepared using the MACBD process with the optimum concentration of ammonia effectively improved the photovoltaic performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 solar cells. K E Y W O R D S ammonia concentration, CdS buffer, CIGS solar cell, diode analysis, microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition

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Phase-controlled synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 powders via the microwave-assisted solvothermal route

Cited by 20 publications

References 49 publications

Effect of oleylamine on microwave synthesized Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ nanocrystals for photovoltaic junctions

Effect of oleylamine on microwave synthesized Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ nanocrystals for photovoltaic junctions

Effect of a Sulfur Precursor on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cu2MnSnS4

Effects of ammonia concentration on the formation of CdS fabricated via microwave‐assisted chemical bath deposition

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Phase-controlled synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 powders via the microwave-assisted solvothermal route

Cited by 20 publications

References 49 publications

Effect of oleylamine on microwave synthesized Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 nanocrystals for photovoltaic junctions

Effect of oleylamine on microwave synthesized Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 nanocrystals for photovoltaic junctions

Effect of a Sulfur Precursor on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cu2MnSnS4

Effects of ammonia concentration on the formation of CdS fabricated via microwave‐assisted chemical bath deposition

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Effect of oleylamine on microwave synthesized Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ nanocrystals for photovoltaic junctions

Effect of oleylamine on microwave synthesized Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ nanocrystals for photovoltaic junctions