Phase-dependent electrochemistry of TiO2 nanocrystals for supercapacitor applications

Multiphase TiO2nanostructures: a review of efficient synthesis, growth mechanism, probing capabilities, and applications in bio-safety and health

“…Accumulating all the available reviews from the early 2000s, a variety of nanostructured materials with fascinating morphologies have piqued the interests of material scientists because of their higher surface-to-volume ratio, which is benecial to enhancing the efficiency of oxide surface reactions. Based on the orientation of nanocrystals, nanostructured materials or nanomaterials are divided into three main categories within a size range of 1-100 nm: (i) spherical (nano-particles, 23 -spheres, 158 -granules, 159 -platelets, 160 -pores 161 ), (ii) elongated (nano-rods, 162 -tubes, 34,35 -wires, 31 -bres, 98,163 -needles, 164 -petals, 165 -whiskers, 166,167 -trees, 55 -laments 168,169 ) and (iii) planar (nanoplates, 170,171 -sheets, 172 -lms, 173 -coatings 174,175 ).…”

“…The dominant physicochemical properties of TiO 2 nanostructures are classi-ed in terms of their crystallinity, purity, structure, chemical composition, size-and/or shape-distribution, dimensionality and defect centres, which can be easily modied by changing the parameters during various synthetic methods. TiO 2 nanostructures have been widely explored owing to their extensive applications across a myriad of areas, particularly in photocatalysis, including those for the decomposition of organic/ inorganic dyes, 16,23,[36][37][38][39][40] hydrogen production from water, [41][42][43][44] removal of pollutants and plastics from the environment, [45][46][47][48] dye-sensitized solar cells, 49 sensors, 50 sunscreens, [51][52][53][54] paints, 55,56 rechargeable batteries, [57][58][59] supercapacitors, 60 food colouring, [61][62][63][64] environmental remediation and biomedical elds. 95,96 Over the past few decades, extensive research effort has been dedicated to the engineering of TiO 2 nanostructures synthesized via chemical routes, such as sol-gel, [97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104]…”

Bio-fabrication of TiO2 Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Electronics Devices

“…Anatase is found to be the most electrochemically active phase due to its lattice arrangement, and hence is commonly used as a photocatalyst. [9][10][11] TiO 2 NPs have good optical, magnetic and electrical properties which make them a useful candidate in the field of photocatalysis, 12 manufacturing antibacterial products, 13 as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, 14,15 and in supercapacitors, 16,17 . To synthesize TiO 2 NPs, several techniques have been employed by various researchers, and these include sol-gel, 18,19 hydrothermal, 20,21 co-precipitation, 22,23 spin-coating, 24 flame spray pyrolysis, 25 ball milling, 26 microwave irradiation, 27 and wet chemical.…”

A review on spectral converting nanomaterials as a photoanode layer in dye‐sensitized solar cells with implementation in energy storage devices

“…Amongst these classes, oxides are one of the most extensively used. They find application in areas like photocatalysis, photovoltaics, sensors, pearlescent paints and pigments, super‐capacitors, sunscreens, radar‐absorbing materials . Among commonly used oxide nanomaterials, TiO 2 is one of the most widely used, it is used for multidisciplinary applications because of its several advantages, such as the presence in different phases, morphology, low‐cost, non‐toxicity, high abundance in nature, and slower charge carrier recombination process .…”