Phase detection of surface plasmon resonance using rotating analyzer method

Phase‐sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensors: methodology, instrumentation and applications

“…SPR polarimetry is the second approach, which is based on the extraction of phase information from the analysis of ellipse of light polarization when both s-and p-components are present. Although SPR polarimetry can be implemented in simplified designs such as, e.g., ones with the use of a rotating analyzer [50] or a spatially beam modulator [51], most SPR polarimetry tools take advantage of a temporal phase modulation of the pumping beam by a liquid crystal [52,53], piezoelectric [54], mechanical [55] or photoelastic (PEM) [56][57][58][59] modulators. Phase information after the reflection under SPR is then obtained at different harmonics of the modulating frequency to simplify the removal of noises and thus improve the signalto-noise ratio.…”

“…This had led to potential application of SPR sensors for automated monitoring in food industry. Naraoka and Kajikawa built an ellipsometer that also used a rotating analyzer and a sensitivity of 10 −7 RIU had been reported [50].…”

Detection of low molecular weight toxins using an optical phase method of ellipsometry

“…A combination of ellipsometry and Kretschmann SPR was first suggested by Nikitin et al [13] and later developed by Westphal and Bornmann [14] and Arwin et al [15,16] as a method of Total Internal Reflection Ellipsometry (TIRE). Other research groups (including ours) adopted this method soon after [17][18][19][20][21]. Other variations of ellipsometry were used in biosensing, these include a heterodyne phase detection exploiting Zeeman laser generating simultaneously s-and p-polarisations [22] or polarisation modulation technique [23].…”

Enhanced Sensitivity of Surface Plasmon Resonance Phase-Interrogation Biosensor by Using Silver Nanoparticles

“…These include, for example, chemical and biological sensing [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], film-thickness sensing [10], temperature sensing [11], and angular measurement [12]. Recently, it has been demonstrated that this SPR monitoring technique for chemical and biological sensing can achieve very high sensitivity, down to the order of 10 −8 [8,9] refractive index units (RIU).…”