Phase diagram, morphology development and vulcanization induced phase separation in blends of syndiotactic polypropylene and ethylene–propylene diene terpolymer

Ramanujam, A; Kim, Kap Jin; Kyu, Thein

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00740-5

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This observation is similar to chemical cross-linking-induced phase immiscibility in multicomponent polymeric systems. 33 For example, theoretical and experimental investigations by Anthemaaten et al of model immiscible binary blends containing monodisperse polystyrene and polybutadiene functionalized with UPy have also revealed immiscibility over a much wider composition range than their unfunctionalized analog. 34 We further examined this UPy-induced phaseseparation by comparing the phase morphology of HTPB/ SPEB IPNs (with UPy; Figure 3) with control HTPB/PEB IPNs (without UPy; Figure S7) both UV-irradiated for 20 min.…”

Section: Phase Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Role of Supramolecular Associations in Mechanical Toughening of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Monemian

Korley

2015

Macromolecules

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Model "supramolecular IPNs" were developed via the formation of a hydrogen-bonded, supramolecular network of 2-ureido-4-[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) telechelic poly(ethylene-co-1-butene) (SPEB) in the presence of photopolymerizable, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB). The role of a supramolecular elastomeric phase in mechanical toughening of IPNs was explored through (1) dynamic dissociation and reassociation of the noncovalent, UPy supramolecular associations, and (2) interphase formation. While an ∼4× increase in tensile toughness of the HTPB matrix was observed through incorporation of 10 wt % ethylene−propylene rubber (EPR)as a conventional elastomeric toughening agentinto HTPB, it was shown that adding the same amount of supramolecular elastomer SPEB to HTPB led to ∼600× enhancement in tensile toughness. Strain rate-dependent mechanical response and fractography studies revealed that this dramatic toughness enhancement was due to dissociation/reassociation of the dynamic UPy linkages in the elastomeric phase that facilitated dilatational yielding of the IPN. This toughness enhancement was only observed in combination with the existence of strong interfacial coupling between the matrix and supramolecular phase as revealed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis. By exploiting noncovalent dynamics and interfacial control in interpenetrating networks, pathways are envisioned toward a new class of tough materials.

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Section: Phase Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Role of Supramolecular Associations in Mechanical Toughening of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Monemian

Korley

2015

Macromolecules

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“…[25,26] The origin of this disagreement can be explained by the small region of miscibility, which is located above T m of iPP and below the thermodynamic miscibility gap of the blend (gray area in Figure 4), the latter being characterized by a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at a composition ratio close to unity. [25,27] Since the binodal conditions of the miscibility gap cross T m (i.e., LCST <T m ) over a broad composition range, miscibility can only be observed at low and high iPP contents.…”

Section: Compatibility Of Ipp/app-co-enb Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic Vulcanizates Based on Highly Compatible Blends of Isotactic Poly(propylene) and Copolymers of Atactic Poly(propylene) and 5‐Ethylidene‐2‐norbornene

l’Abee

Sablong

Goossens

et al. 2010

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Highly compatible thermoplastic/elastomer blends were used to prepare thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) with refined morphologies and improved mechanical properties. Copolymers of atactic poly(propylene) (aPP) and 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene (ENB) (aPP‐co‐ENB) were prepared via metallocene catalysis. Blends of isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) and the aPP‐co‐ENB rubbers are immiscible in the melt, but the very high compatibility leads to a refinement of the morphology in comparison to blends based on iPP and ethylene‐propylene‐ diene (EPDM) rubber. The aPP‐co‐ENB‐based blends show improved tensile properties, while the relatively high Tg of the rubber phase retards the elastic recovery at room temperature. Dilution of the TPVs with oil broadens the temperature window for applications by a signification reduction of the Tg and improves the elasticity of the TPVs. This study demonstrates that the lower limit of the rubber particle size of TPVs that is attainable via dynamic vulcanization of immiscible blends is in the order of 300–500 nm.magnified image

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“…It has been reported that blending of polymers has significant impact on the crystallisation properties of individual polymer [6,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. At the same time, the changes in crystallisation behaviour of these polymers reflect in their end use properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation and crystallisation studies of reactively compatibilised polymer blends

Jose

Thomas

Biju

et al. 2008

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Phase diagram, morphology development and vulcanization induced phase separation in blends of syndiotactic polypropylene and ethylene–propylene diene terpolymer

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Exploring the Role of Supramolecular Associations in Mechanical Toughening of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Exploring the Role of Supramolecular Associations in Mechanical Toughening of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Thermoplastic Vulcanizates Based on Highly Compatible Blends of Isotactic Poly(propylene) and Copolymers of Atactic Poly(propylene) and 5‐Ethylidene‐2‐norbornene

Thermal degradation and crystallisation studies of reactively compatibilised polymer blends

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