Phase-difference amplification using longitudinally reversed shearing interferometry: an experimental study

Sensitivity-Enhanced Electron-Holographic Interferometry and Thickness-Measurement Applications at Atomic Scale

“…This technique was first proposed in the optical field by Bryngdahl 7 and developed by Matsuda, Freund, and Hariharan. 8 A collimated laser beam illuminates the hologram and only the first diffracted spots are selected. This is done with an aperture which has two holes situated at the back focal plane of lens L x .…”

Phase difference enhancement with classical intensity interferometry

“…It is known that the technique of phase difference enhancement (or amplification) serves to increase sensitivity and accuracy in interferometric measurements [27]. Such a technique has been achieved by means of a nonlinearly processed hologram [27][28][29], a specific shearing interferometer using a conventional linear hologram [30][31][32], and a spatial light modulator (SLM) in place of a hologram [33][34][35]. However, all these methods so far proposed are rather cumbersome in the sense that chemical processing is required to produce a hologram or that two interferometric arrangements have to be precisely aligned in the case when an SLM is employed.…”

Near-real-time phase difference amplification

“…This technique produces the fringe spacing that corresponds to λ/2 n in phase difference amplification. Furthermore, Matsuda et al 5 improved the method to produce higher amplification by incorporating modification to a longitudinally reversed shearing interferometer.…”