Phase equilibrium of the system Ag–Fe–Nd, and Nd extraction from magnet scraps using molten silver

Takeda, Osamu; Okabe, Toru H.; Umetsu, Yoshiaki

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.02.038

Cited by 81 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…%). This indicates that the second phase is likely AgNd (with some Y possibly substituted for Nd), consistent with the observations of Takeda et al [105] in their study of Nd-Fe-Ag phase equilibrium. One of the ribbons that was melt-spun at 5 m/s was mounted and polished from the free surface in order to observe the columns end-on.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Generation and Characterization of Anisotropic Microstructures in Rare Earth-Iron-Boron Alloys

Oster

2012

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Generation and Characterization of Anisotropic Microstructures in Rare Earth-Iron-Boron Alloys

Oster

2012

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“…Takeda and Okabe et al [41,42,44,75] investigated a continuous extraction process using liquid magnesium with two interrelated steps similar in principal to the continuous solid-liquid extraction process with a Soxhlet extractor in organic chemistry [2]. The process took advantage of the high vapor pressure of magnesium (0.73 atm at 1300 K) and the very low vapor pressure of neodymium (less than 10 -6 atm at 1300 K).…”

Section: Liquid Metal Extraction (Lme)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process is promising because the product can be used as raw material for Mg alloy casting, with acceptable impurity levels of Fe and B, instead of using pure Nd from primary production. In another approach, also introduced by Takeda et al [44], silver (melting point 1235 K) was substituted for Mg for the direct extraction of neodymium from NdFeB. Silver dissolves neodymium, but not iron or boron.…”

Section: Liquid Metal Extraction (Lme)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of High-Temperature Recovery of Rare Earth (Nd/Dy) from Magnet Waste

Firdaus

Rhamdhani

Durandet

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

108

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Rare-earth metals, particularly neodymium, dysprosium, and praseodymium are becoming increasingly important in the transition to a green economy due to their essential role in permanent magnet applications such as in electric motors and generators. With the increasingly limited rare-earth supply and complexity of processing Nd, Dy, and Pr from primary ores, recycling of rare-earth based magnets has become a necessary option to manage supply and demand. Depending on the form of the starting material (sludge or scrap), there are different routes that can be used to recover neodymium from secondary sources, ranging from hydrometallurgical (based on its primary production process), electrochemical to pyrometallurgical. Pyrometallurgical routes provide solution in cases where water is scarce and generation of waste is to be limited. This paper presents a systematic review of previous studies on the high-temperature (pyrometallurgical) recovery of rare earths from magnets. The features and conditions at which the recycling processes had been studied are mapped and evaluated technically. The review also highlights the reaction mechanisms, behaviors of the rare-earth elements, and the formation of intermediate compounds in high-temperature recycling processes. Recommendations for further scientific research to enable the development of recovery of the rare-earth and magnet recycling are also presented.

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“…The use of silver as liquid metal extraction agent was also proposed. The rare earth oxides were the final products by this process [11]. Some other methods, known as slag extraction method [12], electrolysis method [13], and carbonylation method [14], also provide alternative ways to recover the REEs from permanent magnets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Permanent Magnet Scraps by FeO–B2O3 Flux Treatment

Bian

Guo

Jiang

et al. 2015

J. Sustain. Metall.

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In order to recover the rare earth elements (REEs) from neodymium permanent magnet scraps, Fe 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , and FeO-B 2 O 3 fluxes were designed to extract the REEs. The REEs containing oxides were successfully separated from the Fe-based metals at the temperatures of 1,673, 1,773, and 1,823 K. A mechanism for extraction of REEs has been proposed based mainly on the experimental observations using the flux of FeOÁB 2 O 3 at 1,573 K. Effects of temperature and reaction time were also investigated. The experimental results have shown that increasing temperature and prolonging holding time help the reduction of B 2 O 3 contents in the oxide phase. The FeO-B 2 O 3 fluxes show better extraction efficiency. The purity of rare earth oxide was 98.4 % produced by 2FeOÁB 2 O 3 and the extraction ratios were higher than 99.5 % after the FeO-B 2 O 3 fluxes treatment.

show abstract

Phase equilibrium of the system Ag–Fe–Nd, and Nd extraction from magnet scraps using molten silver

Cited by 81 publications

References 14 publications

Generation and Characterization of Anisotropic Microstructures in Rare Earth-Iron-Boron Alloys

Generation and Characterization of Anisotropic Microstructures in Rare Earth-Iron-Boron Alloys

Review of High-Temperature Recovery of Rare Earth (Nd/Dy) from Magnet Waste

Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Permanent Magnet Scraps by FeO–B2O3 Flux Treatment

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