Phase-equilibrium relations of the common rock-forming oxides except water

Morey, George W.

doi:10.3133/pp440l

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(216 reference statements)

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“…As with reduction smelting with addition of CaO, the fayalite (2FeO•SiO 2 ) in the copper slag is decomposed in a high temperature and reduction process, and iron oxide is reduced and separated from the liquid pig iron according to reactions (1) to (5) [25,26]. The basic slag with a high content of CaO transforms into calcium silicates slag by the addition of CaO, and hence changing the chemical compositions of the slag may be effectively conducted in the reducing process.…”

Section: Reduction Smelting For Ironmakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

Wang

Erdenebold

2020

Sustainability

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Copper smelting slag is a solution of molten oxides created during the copper smelting and refining process, and about 1.5 million tons of copper slag are generated annually in Korea. The oxides in copper smelting slag include ferrous (FeO), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), silica (SiO2 from flux), alumina (AI2O3), calcia (CaO) and magnesia (MgO). The main oxides in copper slag, which are iron oxide and silica, exist in the form of fayalite (2FeO·SiO2). Since copper smelting slag contains high content of iron, and copper and zinc, common applications of copper smelting slag can be used in value-added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, road-base construction, railroad ballast, fine aggregate in concrete, etc. Some studies have attempted to recover metal values from copper slag. This research was intended to recover ferrous alloy contained Cu, a raw material of zinc, from copper slag, and produce reformed slag such as blast furnace slag for Portland cement. As a result, it was confirmed that with reduction smelting by carbon at temperatures above 1400 °C, it is possible to recover pig iron containing copper from copper smelting slag, and the addition of CaO in reduction smelting helped to reduce iron oxide in the fayalite and change the chemical and mineralogical composition of the slag. The copper oxide in the slag can be easily reduced and dissolved in the molten pig iron, and zinc oxide is also reduced to a volatile zinc, which is removed from the furnace as fumes, by carbon during the reduction process. When CaO addition is above 5%, acid slag is completely transformed into calcium silicate slag and is observed to be like blast furnace slag.

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Section: Reduction Smelting For Ironmakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

Wang

Erdenebold

2020

Sustainability

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“…The major component oxides then lie within the quaternary system CaO-Al 2 O 3 -MgO-SiO 2 . The diagrams at one atmosphere of Prince (1954) and Morey (1964) are applicable for a few compositions, but for most compositions the diagrams of Osborn et al (1954) are more appropriate as they present planes in the tetrahedron for constant alumina contents in increments of 5% in the range from 5 to 35%. The major conclusion deduced from these glass compositions is that they are not in equilibrium with olivine at liquidus temperatures and therefore cannot represent compositions of melts from which olivine crystallized.…”

Section: Hibonite (Caal 12 O 19 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy, Mineral-Chemistry, and Composition of the Murchison (C2) Meteorite

Fuchs¹,

Olsen²,

Jensen³

1973

Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences

321

283

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Chemical and mineralogical analyses established it as a type II carbonaceous chondrite (C2). Murchison consists largely of fine-grained black matrix which has been identified as primarily a mixture of two iron-rich, low-aluminum chamosite polytypes. Contained in the matrix are four main types of inclusions: (1) single crystals and crystal fragments, (2) loosely aggregated clusters of crystals ("white inclusions"), (3) discrete true chondrules, (4) xenolithic fragments of two other meteorite types (mostly a unique kind of C3 chondrite). The first type of inclusions consists of unzoned and highly zoned olivines, unzoned (disordered and ordered) orthopyroxenes, clinoenstatite, and rare diopside. Prominent minor phases are calcite, chromite, metal (with occasional traces of schreibersite), troilite, pentlandite, and two phases that could not be fully characterized. The second type of inclusions consists primarily of grains of olivine (Fa 0 to Fa 40), lesser low-Ca pyroxenes, and minor spinel, calcite, whewellite, hibonite, perovskite, chromite, pentlandite, and rare Ca-pyroxene. The true chondrules consist of olivine, Ca-poor pyroxene, occasional metal, and, in rare instances, one of the poorly characterized phases. The chondrules are not texturally typical of the ordinary chondrites, but resemble more closely those chondrules seen in C3 and C4 chondrites. The fourth type of inclusion consists mainly of distinct xenolithic fragments of a light blue-gray chondrite type that resembles certain C3 chondrites (like Vigarano), though not in all aspects. These xenolithic fragments consist of disequilbrated olivines and pyroxenes, abundant pentlandite and troilite, and virtually no metal. In addition, a single xenolithic fragment was found of an unknown meteorite type. Ca-and Al-rich glasses (of varying compositions) are found as blebs, with or without gas bubbles, contained within olivine crystals. The average Ca/Al ratio of these glasses approximates that for all meteoritic matter. They may represent early (nonequilibrium) subcooled condensates from the solar nebula. This nonequilibrium stage was apparently followed by equilibrium condensation through intermediate to low temperatures at which the layer-lattice phases condensed in abundance and incorporated crystals and fragments of the higher temperature phases. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 4784. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Aerial view of Ulawun Volcano, New Britain. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Fuchs, Louis H. Mineralogy, mineral-chemistry, and composition of the Murchison (C2) meteorite. (Smithsonian contributions to the earth sciences, no. 10) I. Meteorites. I. Olsen, Edward John, 1927-joint author. II. Jensen, Kenneth J., joint author. III. Title. IV. Series: Smithsonian institution. Smithsonian contributions to the earth sciences, no. 10. QE1.

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“…FeO + СО = Fe + CО2 (2) Fe2SiО4 + 2C = 2Fe + SiО2 + 2CO 3FeO + С = Fe + CО (4) Copper smelting slag was used in this study contains 16 wt.% of CaO. Therefore, it was considered that slag consists of Fe2SiО4 (fayalite), Ca2SiO4 (calcium orthosilicate) and CaFeSiO4 and Fe2O3 [14,15]. The CaO impacts on the decomposition of the fayalite and reduction of iron oxide, and changing chemical composition of slag.…”

Section: Reduction Smelting For Makingironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, and etc [14,15]. The basic slag with high content of CaO transforms into calcium silicates slag by CaO additives, and hence changing of chemical composition of the slag may be effectively conducted in the reducing process.…”

Section: Reduction Smelting For Makingironmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

Erdenebold¹,

Wang²

2020

Preprint

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Copper smelting slag is a solution of molten oxides created during the copper smelting and refining process, and about 1.5 million tons of copper slag is generated annually in Korea. Oxides in copper smelting slag include ferrous (FeO), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), silica (SiO2 from flux), alumina (AI2O3), calcia (CaO) and magnesia (MgO). Main oxides in copper slag, which iron oxide and silica, exist in the form of fayalite (2FeO·SiO2). Since the copper smelting slag contains high content of iron, and copper and zinc. Common applications of copper smelting slag are the value added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, road-base construction, railroad ballast, fine aggregate in concrete, etc., as well as the some studies have attempted to recover metal values from copper slag. This research was intended to recovery Fe-Cu alloy, raw material of zinc and produce reformed slag like a blast furnace slag for blast furnace slag cement from copper slag. As a results, it was confirmed that reduction smelting by carbon at temperatures above 1400°С is possible to recover pig iron containing copper from copper smelting slag, and CaO additives in the reduction smelting assist to reduce iron oxide in the fayalite and change the chemical and mineralogical composition of the slag. Copper oxide in the slag can be easily reduced and dissolved in the molten pig iron, and zinc oxide is also reduced to a volatile zinc, which is removed from the furnace as the fumes, by carbon during reduction process. When CaO addition is above 5wt.%, acid slag has been completely transformed to calcium silicate slag and observed like blast furnace slag.

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Phase-equilibrium relations of the common rock-forming oxides except water

Cited by 18 publications

References 91 publications

A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

Mineralogy, Mineral-Chemistry, and Composition of the Murchison (C2) Meteorite

A Study on Reduction of Copper Smelting Slag by Carbon for Recycling into Metal Values and Cement Raw Material

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