Phase Evolution During the Carbothermic Reduction Process of Ilmenite Concentrate

Influence of Pre-oxidation on Carbothermic Reduction Process of Ilmenite Concentrate

“…It also suggests that pre-oxidation is conducive to the carbothermic reduction. From the reacted fraction and the activation energy, it can be seen that pre-oxidation at 1 273 K was better for the carbothermic reduction than pre-oxidation at 1 073 K. Without the pre-oxidation, the lowest temperature for the generation of TiC x O y was 1 573 K. 10) But for both cases of pre-oxidations, TiC x O y phase appeared after being reduced for 2 h at 1 473 K. Especially, when the pre-oxidation temperature is 1 273 K, TiC x O y phase appeared after 1 h at 1 473 K, which is earlier than that with the pre-oxidation at 1 073 K.…”

“…It can be found that the rate controlling steps for the pre-oxidation products reduced from 1 473 K to 1 773 K are the diffusion. Compared with the carbothermic reduction without pre-oxidation, 10) the rate controlling steps are same. While the activation energy with pre-oxidation is lower than that without pre-oxidation.…”

“…The phase compositions and morphology of the products with the pre-oxidation are very similar to those without the pre-oxidation. 10) Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analyses performed at different regions are shown in Table 2. Elements mass fraction by EDS analyses on the same regions for samples pre-oxidized at different temperatures are similar.…”

Formation of Titanium Carbonitride via Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite Concentrate in Nitrogen Atmosphere

“…Following the procedure reported in our previous study, 19) the isothermal reduction-nitridation experiments were studied at 1 473 K, 1 573 K, 1 673 K and 1 773 K, respectively. When the temperature of the vertical tube furnace reached the desired value, the crucible was put into the constant temperature zone under a flowing nitrogen atmosphere (0.8 L·min ).…”

“…In our previous study, the phase evolution during the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate in argon atmosphere was studied. 19) As a preliminary work to prepare titanium carbonitride based composite materials by ilmenite concentrate, the experiments described in this paper were performed in order to clarify the phase evolution and reaction mechanism in the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate in nitrogen atmosphere.…”