“…The phase-field crystal (PFC) methodology, a variant of classical density functional theories, has emerged as an efficient and mathematically accessible option in the study of phase transitions at atomic length scales and diffusional time scales, incorporating the thermodynamics of phase transformation and the most salient solid-state properties (Elder & Grant, 2003;Elder et al, 2007;Greenwood et al, 2010;Jaatinen & Ala-Nissila, 2010;Chan et al, 2009;Kocher & Provatas, 2015;Schwalbach et al, 2013;Tó th et al, 2012). The PFC method has been widely applied in simulating complex structural transformations for both binary and multicomponent alloys (Athreya et al, 2007;Greenwood et al, 2010;Fallah et al, 2015;Seymour & Provatas, 2015). Recently, the PFC model has been used to study the migration of grain boundaries and the motion of dislocations (Yamanaka et al, 2017;Gao et al, 2014;Skaugen et al, 2018;Balakrishna et al, 2019), indicating that the PFC model is particularly suitable for studying interface migration and corresponding dislocation behaviors.…”