Phase-field simulations of Te-precipitate morphology and evolution kinetics in Te-rich CdTe crystals

Observations on Nanoscale Te Precipitates in CdZnTe Crystals Grown by the Traveling Heater Method Using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy

“…Figure 3a shows an HRTEM image of the specimen near the ingot tail with fast cooling rate (60 °C/h) after growth, where Te precipitates in the irregular and faceted morphology were seen. A ledge growth interface was found on the edge of Te precipitates, which are parallel to the [17,18]. The faceted morphology of Te precipitates can be caused by a ledge growth mechanism.…”

“…The results demonstrate that THM with lower growth temperature can markedly reduce the size of Te precipitates in CZT crystals, which is favorable for improving the photoelectric properties and the structural perfection of CZT crystals. [17,18]. The faceted morphology of Te precipitates can be caused by a ledge growth mechanism.…”

“…the total system energy [21]. According to theoretical results [17], {111} faces have the lowest interfacial energy in zinc-blende crystal structure. Therefore, the equilibrium morphology of Te precipitates can be bounded by M {111} faces and forms a regular polygon.…”

Hybrid models for the simulation of microstructural evolution influenced by coupled, multiple physical processes

“…The appeal of the phase-field method is that it uses directly constructed free energy functionals as functions of the "phase-fields" to describe their thermodynamics (equation of state) and use the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation to treat the evolution of the non-conserved phase-fields and the Cahn-Hilliard equation for conserved phase-fields. The phase field model has been used extensively to simulate many microstructural evolution processes including grain growth 13 and Ostwald ripening 14 , gas bubbles in nuclear fuels 15,16 , void ensembles under irradiation 17 , precipitate morphology and evolution in alloys 18 , nucleation and growth near a dislocation 19 , coarsening of precipitates 20 and solidification 21,22 . The phase-field equation of state is a sum of the bulk energy and interfacial energies as a function of all Q phase-fields  i integrated over the simulation volume V as…”

Growth of Bi doped cadmium zinc telluride single crystals by Bridgman oscillation method and its structural, optical, and electrical analyses

“…4,5 Te precipitates are one of principal defects that form during cooling of melt-grown CdTe or CZT crystals when grown Te-rich. 6 Zhang et al 7 reported that CZT wafers grown under Te-rich conditions contain large-size Te precipitates with density of high-10 3 -low-10 4 cm −2 and IR transmission less than 60%. Yang et al 8 quoted that the impurity gettering in Te inclusions originated from the diffusion mechanism during crystal growth and segregation mechanism during crystal cooling.…”