Phase formation in coevaporated NiCr thin films

Vollaro, M.B.; Potter, D.I.

doi:10.1016/0040-6090(94)90105-8

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Chemical composition and properties of Cr60Ni40 according to ASTM 560/A 560 M [2] A second large field of applications for Cr-Ni alloys is as thin film resistors in microelectronics. For this reason, the structure and electrical properties of alloys with various Cr-Ni-ratios have been extensively studied in thin sputtered films, leading to the identification of several non-equilibrium phases [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cavitation erosion of Cr60Ni40 coatings generated by friction surfacing

Hanke

Beyer

Silvonen

et al. 2013

Wear

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CrNi-alloys with high Cr-content generally are quite brittle and, therefore, only available as castings and regarded as neither weldable nor deformable. The process of friction surfacing offers a possibility to generate Cr60Ni40 coatings e.g. on steel or Ni-base substrates. Cavitation tests were carried out using an ultrasonic vibratory test rig (~ASTM G32) with cast specimens and friction surfaced coatings. The coatings show less deformation and smaller disruptions, and wear rates in steady state were found to be three times higher for the cast and heat treated samples than for the coatings, caused by a highly wear resistant Cr-rich phase. The results of this study show that it is possible to generate defect free coatings of Cr60Ni40 with a thickness of about 250 µm by friction surfacing, which under cavitation show a better wear behavior than the cast material. Thus, in combination with a ductile substrate, these coatings are likely to extend the range of applicability of such hightemperature corrosion resistant alloys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the binary Chromium-Nickel system, usually three equilibrium solid state phases are denoted, being each fcc Ni-and bcc Cr-rich solid solutions as well as an ordered Ni 2 Cr intermetallic phase below 590°C [3,7]. A eutectic exists which is reported by different authors ranging from 46 to 49 wt-% Ni and 1327 to 1345°C [1,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation erosion of Cr60Ni40 coatings generated by friction surfacing

Hanke

Beyer

Silvonen

et al. 2013

Wear

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“…While at the eutectic temperature approximately 35 wt-% Ni can be dissolved, this drops markedly with temperature leading to only 5 wt-% below 900°C followed by a further decrease to room temperature. Precise values for the solubility of Ni in Cr at room temperature are not given [15] [16]. It should be mentioned here that besides the application as castings Cr-Ni alloys can also be found as thin sputtered films in microelectronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be mentioned here that besides the application as castings Cr-Ni alloys can also be found as thin sputtered films in microelectronics. These have been extensively studied leading to the identification of further non-equilibrium phases [15]- [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, such alloys are applied for components suffering high-temperature corrosive impact, especially under simultaneous high-temperature wear. For the binary Chromium-Nickel system, usually three equilibrium solid state phases are denoted, being either an fcc Ni-or a bcc Cr-rich solid solution besides an ordered Ni 2 Cr intermetallic phase present below 590°C [15] [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sliding wear behaviour of a Cr-base alloy after microstructure alterations induced by friction surfacing

Hanke

Fischer

Santos

2015

Wear

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Friction surfacing is a method suitable to generate a wide variety of metallic coatings by means of frictional heating and severe shear deformation. It is a solid-state joining method, and therefore may be applied to non-fusion weldable as well as non-deformable brittle materials, as Cr-based alloys are. In the present study coatings of Cr60Ni40 alloy are generated onto Nimonic 80A substrates. Microstructural investigations of the coating material are carried out and compared to the usual cast state. The wear behaviour of the coatings as well as the cast material is examined under reciprocating sliding against 52100 ball bearing steel by means of a ball-on-flat test rig, lubricated with silicone oil to prevent oxidation. In this tribological system, wear takes place by abrasion with microploughing being the predominant submechanism, surface fatigue as well as adhesion by materials transfer of Cr60Ni40 from the flats to the steel balls. White etching layers form on Cr60Ni40 underneath the worn surfaces, which show cracks and delaminations. The amount of wear of all coatings is within the same magnitude compared to the cast state but slightly smaller. This can be explained by the distinctly finer microstructure (grain boundary strengthening) and a high degree of supersaturation of the solid solutions (solid solution strengthening) within the coatings. The results of this study show that it is possible to generate coatings of brittle alloys like Cr60Ni40 by friction surfacing, which show a slightly better wear behaviour under reciprocating sliding. Thus, in combination with a ductile substrate, these coatings are likely to extend the range of applicability of such high-temperature wear and corrosion resistant alloys.

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The electrical resistance versus temperature dependence of single amorphous CrNi (40:60) thin films r.f.-sputtered in high argon pressure

et al. 1996

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The application of thin CrNi films as resistor networks in microelectronics has generated a spate of studies designated to promote a better understanding of the relationships among the deposition conditions, film structure and resulting electrical properties .Among the papers that had a particular significance was Campbell and Hendry's study [1] of how the electrical properties depended on CrNi alloy composition, which led to mainly restricting the choice of the thin-film resistor composition in the range from 40 to 60at% Cr. They also tried to explain the electrical properties by a macroscopic two-phase model characterized by the mixture of an oxygenfree CrNi metal phase and the Cr203 oxide phase. Most of the earlier papers dealing with CrNi thin-film resistors [2-5, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 22] also adopted this model to explain the electrical behaviour of asdeposited and also annealed thin films. Mooij and De Jong [6], summarizing their experimental results on triode-sputtered CrNi thin films on glass substrates at temperatures below 80 °C, noticed that: (i) in CrNi thin films the electrical resistivity is constant and the temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity (TCR) is low in the composition range 20-80% Cr, as in bulk CrNi alloys; and (ii) the electrical resistivity appears to be insensitive to changes in the crystallographic structure (£c.c., b.c.c., X phase or amorphous). In a tentative explanation of these electrical conduction properties, they have assumed that the disorder in these alloys leads to a minimum mean free path of the conduction electrons which is close to the interatomic distance.Recently, Dintner et al. [23,24] carried out measurements of the d.c. conductivity at low temperatures of NiCr-O thin films reactively sputtered under various deposition conditions. They concluded that the disorder was mainly chemical as a result of oxygen incorporation, and the d.c. conductivity at low temperatures could be interpreted in terms of weakly localized electrons and their interaction in a highly disordered metallic system. Our recent [25,26,28] TED and TEM structural investigations performed on r.f.-sputtered CrNi (65:35, 50:50 and 20:80) thin films revealed a complex dependence of the resulting phases (single amorphous phase, two amorphous phases, nanocrystalline multiphase stable solid solutions, nanocrystalline multiphase segregated solid solutions, etc.) on the chosen deposition parameters (substrate tempera-0261-8028 © 1996 Chapman &Hall ture 293, 423, 473, 523, 573 and 623 K and argon gas pressure 30, 150, 300 and 600 mtorr). Electrical resistance measurements performed in the temperature range from 273 to 77 K on CrNi (65:35) thin films sputtered at high argon pressure (600 mtorr) and at various substrate temperatures (423,473, 523 and 573 K) gave us the possibility of determining, the influence of topological disorder in the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance [29].In this work we present structural and electrical resistance data on measurements performed in the range from ...

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Phase formation in coevaporated NiCr thin films

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Cavitation erosion of Cr60Ni40 coatings generated by friction surfacing

Cavitation erosion of Cr60Ni40 coatings generated by friction surfacing

Sliding wear behaviour of a Cr-base alloy after microstructure alterations induced by friction surfacing

The electrical resistance versus temperature dependence of single amorphous CrNi (40:60) thin films r.f.-sputtered in high argon pressure

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