Phase Ib Dose-Finding Study of Varlitinib Combined with Weekly Paclitaxel With or Without Carboplatin ± Trastuzumab in Advanced Solid Tumors

Abstract

Background Varlitinib is a highly potent, small-molecule, pan-HER inhibitor targeting HER1, HER2, and HER4. It has demonstrated activity in gastric, biliary tract, and breast cancers. Objective We conducted a phase Ib dose confirmation study to determine safety and early efficacy signals of varlitinib in combination with chemotherapy (paclitaxel ± carboplatin) ± subcutaneous trastuzumab. Methods Eligible patients had advanced or metastatic solid tumors. A 3+3 dose de-escalation study design was used and pharmacokinetic analyses of varlitinib and paclitaxel were performed. Results Thirty-seven patients were enrolled into eight cohorts with median 4 (0-14) prior lines of palliative systemic therapies. Carboplatin area under the curve 1.5 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m 2 weekly with varlitinib 500 mg twice daily continuously was de-escalated over four dose levels to 300 mg twice daily intermittently (4 days on, 3 days off) due to dose-limiting toxicities, most commonly neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and electrolyte disturbances, with the triplet combination deemed intolerable and unable to be developed further. Varlitinib was then combined with paclitaxel alone; the recommended phase II dose of varlitinib was 300 mg twice daily intermittently. The addition of subcutaneous trastuzumab 600 mg was safe with no dose-limiting toxicities. Thirty-one patients were evaluable for response: 35.5% partial response, 41.9% stable disease. Twenty patients had HER2+ metastatic breast cancer with a median of 4 (0-14) treatment lines, 8/20 continued on singleagent varlitinib after completing chemotherapy for a median of 5.1 (range 2.0-13.3) months. A pharmacokinetic analysis showed that plasma exposure of varlitinib was dose dependent. Varlitinib administration did not significantly affect the maximum concentration or area under the curve of paclitaxel. Conclusions The recommended phase II dose of varlitinib with paclitaxel is 300 mg twice daily intermittently dosed. This is active in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Subcutaneous trastuzumab can be added safely to varlitinib and paclitaxel. This combination is currently being evaluated as neoadjuvant therapy in HER2+ breast cancer (NCT02396108).

Small Molecules against Metastatic Tumors: Concrete Perspectives and Shattered Dreams

“…The idea that a non-specific TKI could give better therapeutic results compared to other selective compounds led to the design of varlitinib, a pan HER inhibitor originally thought for the treatment of metastatic cancers overexpressing HER receptors [ 25 ]. Varlitinib, also known as ASLAN001, is a potent small molecule targeting HER1, HER2, and HER4 that inhibits the phosphorylation of these receptors in vitro at concentrations (range 2-7 nM) comparable and even lower than lapatinib [ 26 ]. Since biliary tract cancers (BTC) have been found to overexpress HER receptors, a number of clinical studies were designed to test varlitinib in combination with other cancer therapies.…”