Phase instability and toughness change during high temperature exposure of various steels for the first wall structural materials of a fusion reactor

Miyahara, Kazuya; Kimura, Tatsuo; Shimoide, Yukio

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(95)00118-2

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Given the nature of the materials and the precipitating elements found in prior works, [10,12,14,15,22,24,25] it is expected that the elemental distributions of iron and chromium will be the most likely to be sensitive to the changes in localized chemistry. The as-received steels show a homogeneous chemistry and dispersion of nonmetallic inclusions in the grains.…”

Section: B Chemical Analysis Of the Precipitatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the precipitates in the heat-treated 316LN steel are generally fine, the traditional method of identification involves either transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or X-ray diffraction of extracted residues [10][11][12][13][14][15] that involve complicated samples preparation steps. More recent improvements in the special resolution in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have made it possible to characterize fine scale features that were once detectable only by TEM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of Submicron Grain Boundary Precipitates in Ultralow Carbon 316LN Steels

Downey

Han

Kalu

et al. 2010

Metall Mater Trans A

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This article reports our efforts in characterization of an ultralow carbon 316LN-type stainless steel. The carbon content in the material is one-third that in a conventional 316LN, which further inhibits the formation of grain boundary carbides and therefore sensitizations. Our primary effort is focused on characterization of submicron size precipitates in the materials with the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique complemented by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Thermodynamic calculations suggested that several precipitates, such as M 23 C 6 , Chi, Sigma, and Cr 2 N, can form in a low carbon 316LN. In the steels heat treated at 973 K (700°C) for 100 hours, a combination of EBSD and AES conclusively identified the grain boundary precipitates ( ‡100 nm) as Cr 2 N, which has a hexagonal closed-packed crystallographic structure. Increases of the nitrogen content promote formation of large size Cr 2 N precipitates. Therefore, prolonged heat treatment at relatively high temperatures of ultralow carbon 316LN steels may result in a sensitization.

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