Phase Lag Index of Resting-State EEG for Identification of Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is one of the important comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is critical to find appropriate methods for early diagnosis and objective assessment of mild cognitive impairment patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM-MCI). Our study aimed to investigate potential early alterations in phase lag index (PLI) and determine whether it can distinguish between T2DM-MCI and normal controls with T2DM (T2DM-NC). EEG was recorded in 30 T2DM-MCI patients and 30 T2DM-NC patients. The phase lag index was computed and used in a logistic regression model to discriminate between groups. The correlation between the phase lag index and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was assessed. The α-band phase lag index was significantly decreased in the T2DM-MCI group compared with the T2DM-NC group and showed a moderate degree of classification accuracy. The MoCA score was positively correlated with the α-band phase lag index (r = 0.4812, moderate association, p = 0.015). This work shows that the functional connectivity analysis of EEG may offer an effective way to track the cortical dysfunction linked to the cognitive deterioration of T2DM patients, and the α-band phase lag index may have a role in guiding the diagnosis of T2DM-MCI.

Type-2 Diabetes Alters Hippocampal Neural Oscillations and Disrupts Synchrony between the Hippocampus and Cortex

“…As one of the electrophysiological proxies of functional connectivity between brain regions, PLI measures neuronal synchrony between two recorded signals. A reduction in PLI globally across the neocortex has been reported in T2DM [49] and mild cognitive impairment [50,51]. In our study we have also detected a decrease in PLI between cortex and HPC over various frequency bands as a function of T2DM or age, showing that the decrease in PLI extends to connections between the neocortex and the temporal lobe in diabetic or aged mice.…”

Trajectories of Cognitive Impairment in Adults Bearing Vascular Risk Factors, with or without Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment: Findings from a Longitudinal Study Assessing Executive Functions, Memory, and Social Cognition

“…Recently, Yuxing Kuang at al. 2022 [ 86 ] confirmed with imaging methods the correlation of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance with impaired functional connectivity, which is associated with MoCA performance. Moreover, the same findings have been supported by Michailidis et al 2022 [ 87 ], who reviewed and discussed common pathophysiological mechanisms between Alzheimer Disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus; this review study suggests the frequent assessment of the cognitive status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as it is an important risk factor for the onset of AD dementia.…”