Phase mapping of optical fields in integrated optical waveguide structures

Balistreri, M.L.M.; Korterik, Jeroen P.; Kiupers, L.; Hulst, Niek F. van

doi:10.1109/50.939798

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…With this instrument, it is even possible to detect the phase evolution of light inside the structure [28]- [31]. Thus, the effective index of refraction is directly measured and multimode behavior is accessible through a simple Fourier analysis [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplitude and phase evolution of optical fields inside periodic photonic structures

Flück

Hammer

Otter

et al. 2003

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-Optical amplitude distributions of light inside periodic photonic structures are visualized with subwavelength resolution. In addition, using a phase-sensitive photon scanning tunneling microscope, we simultaneously map the phase evolution of light. Two different structures, which consist of a ridge waveguide containing periodic arrays of nanometer scale features, are investigated. We determine the wavelength dependence of the exponential decay rate inside the periodic arrays. Furthermore, various interference patterns are observed, which we interpret as interference between light reflected by the substrate and light inside the waveguide. The phase information obtained reveals scattering phenomena around the periodic array, which gives rise to phase jumps and phase singularities. Locally around the air rods, we observe an unexpected change in effective refractive index, a possible indication for anomalous dispersion resulting from the periodicity of the array.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplitude and phase evolution of optical fields inside periodic photonic structures

Flück

Hammer

Otter

et al. 2003

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…both positive and negative wavevectors. This approach provides more insight in the wavevector spectrum compared to our previous work [15,17], where the real part of the field was Fourier transformed, projecting all k x values on the positive axis.…”

Section: Band Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The collected light is mixed with a reference beam in a heterodyne interferometric arrangement. This way, the interference between the two branches is obtained, which allows both phase (φ ) and amplitude (A) to be determined [17]. As raw data, the optical measurement yields the spatial distribution of A cos φ and A sin φ .…”

Section: Photonic Crystal and Near-field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local probing of Bloch mode dispersion in a photonic crystal waveguide

Engelen¹,

Karle²,

Gersen³

et al. 2005

Opt. Express

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Abstract:The local dispersion relation of a photonic crystal waveguide is directly determined by phase-sensitive near-field microscopy. We readily demonstrate the propagation of Bloch waves by probing the band diagram also beyond the first Brillouin zone. Both TE and TM polarized modes were distinguished in the experimental band diagram. Only the TE polarized defect mode has a distinctive Bloch wave character. The anomalous dispersion of this defect guided mode is demonstrated by local measurements of the group velocity. The measured dispersion relation and measured group velocities are both in good agreement with theoretical calculations.

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“…A phase-and polarization-sensitive near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) [28,29] was used to locally probe the electric field. The experiments were performed using an aluminum-coated near-field aperture probe, with aperture diameter of approximately 300nm.…”

Section: Sample Fabrication and Near-field Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of bending losses for curved plasmonic nanowire waveguides

Dikken¹,

Spasenović²,

Verhagen³

et al. 2010

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We characterize bending losses of curved plasmonic nanowire waveguides for radii of curvature ranging from 1 to 12 µm and widths down to 40 nm. We use near-field measurements to separate bending losses from propagation losses. The attenuation due to bending loss is found to be as low as 0.1 µm −1 for a curved waveguide with a width of 70 nm and a radius of curvature of 2 µm. Experimental results are supported by Finite Difference Time Domain simulations. An analytical model developed for dielectric waveguides is used to predict the trend of rising bending losses with decreasing radius of curvature in plasmonic nanowires. Physics (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988) Vol. 3. 16. P. Berini, "Plasmon-polariton waves guided by thin lossy metal films of finite width: Bound modes of symmetric structures," Phys. Rev. B 61(15), 10484-10503 (2000). 17. D. K. Gramotnev, and D. F. P. Pile, "Single-mode subwavelength waveguide with channel plasmon-polaritons in triangular grooves on a metal surface," Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(26), 6323-6325 (2004). ©2010 Optical Society of America

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Phase mapping of optical fields in integrated optical waveguide structures

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Amplitude and phase evolution of optical fields inside periodic photonic structures

Amplitude and phase evolution of optical fields inside periodic photonic structures

Local probing of Bloch mode dispersion in a photonic crystal waveguide

Characterization of bending losses for curved plasmonic nanowire waveguides

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