Phase-mineral and chemical composition of coal fly ashes as a basis for their multicomponent utilization. 2. Characterization of ceramic cenosphere and salt concentrates

Vassilev, Stanislav V.; Menéndez, Rosa; Dı́az-Somoano, Mercedes; Martı́nez-Tarazona, M. Rosa

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2003.10.003

Cited by 134 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The occurrence of cenospheres could be due to the relatively high viscosity of the melted envelope and the possibility of retaining the gas bubble for a longer period during hardening (Vassilev and Vassileva 1996). It is common for particles of this nature to have compositions of aluminosilicate glass, mullite, quartz, calcite, Fe oxides, Ca silicates and sulphates (Vassilev et al 2004). These spherical or cenospherical particles were found in samples from all the groundhog sites except GH5.…”

Section: High Temperature Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of particulate matter on the receptor level in a city environment

Chung

Chen

Osammor

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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Airborne particulate matter (PM) has become one of the dominant pollutants with the increasing material and energy demand due to global economic growth. The main objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive receptor level characterisation of the particulate matter collected in a city environment. Particulate matter samples were collected on Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) filters from five monitoring sites over a period of 1 year. An Andersen eight-stage cascade impactor was also used to collect airborne PM samples from three other locations to compare with the samples collected by TEOM. All the samples were then subjected to individual particle morphology and chemical composition analysis by SEM/EDS. Bulk chemical composition of the samples were also analysed through ICP-OES. Based on these analyses, possible sources of the PM samples were identified. The results showed that the monitoring sites in residential environments were dominated by transportation-derived particles and other migratory particulates. Monitoring sites near the city centre were dominant by particles from transportation, with biological particles abundant for the site closer to a river. The monitoring station located close to the industrial area, despite only 200 m away from a motorway, has low contribution of non-exhaust particulates from vehicles. Instead, the particulates collected from this site were dominated by industrial sources. An air dispersion modelling package was also used to model the particulate matter dispersion in the city area for the period of sampling. The results from the model showed that the points of high emissions were around industrial areas.

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Section: High Temperature Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of particulate matter on the receptor level in a city environment

Chung

Chen

Osammor

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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“…These are primarily oxides of silicon, aluminum, iron and calcium, which are by weight 95 ÷ 99% of ash (Table 2). In addition, the ash typically also contains smaller amounts of compounds of magnesium, titanium, sulfur, sodium and potassium, as well as very small amounts (expressed in millionths parts) of other elements [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In addition to the mineral (inorganic) compounds, the fly ashes also contain carbon originated from residues of unchanged to partly transformed coal.…”

Section: Chemical Content Of Fly Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To su pre svega oksidi silicijuma, aluminijuma, gvožđa i kalcijuma, koji čine maseno 95÷99 % pepela (tabela 2). Pored toga, pepeo po pravilu sadrži i manje količine jedinjenja magnezijuma, titana, sumpora, natrijuma i kalijuma, kao i veoma male količine (izražene u milionitim delovima) drugih elemenata [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Pored mineralnih (neor-ganskih) sastojaka, leteći pepeli sadrže i ugljenik koji potiče od ostataka neizmenjenog do delimično transformisanog uglja.…”

Section: Hemijski Sastav Letećeg Pepelaunclassified

“…a -alumosilikatna staklasta sfera; b -glatka alumosilikatna cenosfera; c -mehurasta alumosilikatna cenosfera; d -alumosilikatna cenosfera sa kristalima kalcita i dolomita na površini; e -kristalna struktura mulit-kristobalit-kvarc u zidu alumosilikatne cenosfere; f -alumosilikatna staklasta plerosfera, g -dermasfera (larnit prekriven alumosilikatnim staklom); h -ferosfera sa dendritičnim kristalima magnetita u alumosilikatnom staklu; i -površina ferosfere (orjentisani lanci ferospinela u staklastoj fazi); j -unutrašnja struktura ferosfere; k -alumosilikatna staklasta sfera (desno) i porozni alumosilikatni sferoid (levo); l -staklasti aglomerat; m -plagioklasni sferoid; n -gips (1), kalcit (2), kalcit prekriven Ca-Mg-Na-K fazom (3), opal (4); o -različiti tipovi čestica organskog porekla [22,5,6,12] Sferoide (slika 3 k, m) se ne moraju značajno razlikovati od sfera, ali izgledaju poroznije i mehurastije. Veličina im se kreće u opsegu 10÷80 μm.…”

Section: Sl 3 Sem Izgled čEstica Prisutnih U Letećem Pepeluunclassified

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Review of contemporary world studies on characteristics of fly ash as a secondary mineral resource: Part 1

Jovanović¹,

Bugarin²,

Magdalinovic³

2013

Min Metal Eng Bor

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“…The cenosphere walls belong to glass ceramic materials based on aluminosilicate glass, mullite, quartz, calcite, iron oxides, and calcium silicates and sulfates. [7][8][9] The wall thickness of cenospheres is generally 5 to 10 pct of that of their diameter, whereas the glassy phase content in the wall material is about 80 to 90 pct. Hollow cenospheres are filled with gases like CO 2 and N 2 with traces of CO, O 2 , and H 2 O.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ni-P Coating Structure on Fly Ash Cenospheres in the Formation of Magnesium Matrix Composites

Braszczyńska-Malik

Kamieniak

2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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The role of the Ni-P coating structure on fly ash cenospheres in the fabrication of magnesium matrix composites has been investigated. Two composites based on AZ91 commercial magnesium alloys with hollow aluminosilicate cenospheres were fabricated by the negative pressure infiltration technique. Two kinds of cenospheres (i.e., as Ni-P coated and after heat treatment) were used in order to determine the influence of the Ni-P coating structure on creating interfaces between the components. Microstructure analyses were carried out by light microscopy, atomic force microscopy, XRD, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Al 3 Ni 2 and Mg 2 Ni intermetallic phases at the component interfaces were formed in the composite with as-received Ni-P-coated cenospheres. After heat treatment of the Ni-P-coated cenospheres, NiO was created outside the external layer of the Ni-P coatings and this oxide remained stable at the component interfaces during composite fabrication. In both cases, the Ni-P coating prevented the reaction between the cenosphere walls and the magnesium matrix alloy, which contributed to obtaining intact cenospheres, unfilled by the matrix alloy.

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Phase-mineral and chemical composition of coal fly ashes as a basis for their multicomponent utilization. 2. Characterization of ceramic cenosphere and salt concentrates

Cited by 134 publications

References 27 publications

Characterisation of particulate matter on the receptor level in a city environment

Characterisation of particulate matter on the receptor level in a city environment

Review of contemporary world studies on characteristics of fly ash as a secondary mineral resource: Part 1

The Role of Ni-P Coating Structure on Fly Ash Cenospheres in the Formation of Magnesium Matrix Composites

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