Phase-only optical encryption

Mogensen, Paul C.; Glückstad, Jesper

doi:10.1364/ol.25.000566

Cited by 188 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The methods have been proved to be useful by numerical simulations. Phase-coding techniques have widely been used due to the suitability for optical encoding and decoding with high degree of security (Neto & Sheng, 1996, Javidi & Ahouzi, 1998, Towghi et al, 1999, Tan et al, 2000, and Mogensen &Gluckstad, 2000. However, they have some difficulties due to the lack of efficient optical devices used in the systems.…”

Section: Methods Of Phase-codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Hologram for Security Applications

Ohtsubo¹

2011

Holograms - Recording Materials and Applications

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Section: Methods Of Phase-codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Hologram for Security Applications

Ohtsubo¹

2011

Holograms - Recording Materials and Applications

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“…Many techniques for the optical encryption of image data have been proposed and implemented in recent years [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. Most perform encryption with a random phase mask positioned in the input, Fresnel, or Fraunhofer domain, or a combination of domains.…”

Section: Optical Image Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years there have been a number of proposed attacks [92][93][94][95][96][97] on DRPE-type encryption systems, including those systems that operate exclusively with phase [98,99]. Many of these attacks have shown that by only approximating the key one can get adequate decryption of encrypted images.…”

Section: Optical Image Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Naughton¹,

Rastogi²,

Hack³

2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The use of phase has a long standing history in optical image processing, with early milestones being in the field of pattern recognition, such as VanderLugt's practical construction technique for matched filters, and (implicitly) Goodman's joint Fourier transform correlator. In recent years, the flexibility afforded by phase-only spatial light modulators and digital holography, for example, has enabled many processing techniques based on the explicit encoding and decoding of phase. One application area concerns efficient numerical computations. Pushing phase measurement to its physical limits, designs employing the physical properties of phase have ranged from the sensible to the wonderful, in some cases making computationally easy problems easier to solve and in other cases addressing mathematics' most challenging computationally hard problems. Another application area is optical image encryption, in which, typically, a phase mask modulates the fractional Fourier transformed coefficients of a perturbed input image, and the phase of the inverse transform is then sensed as the encrypted image. The inherent linearity that makes the system so elegant mitigates against its use as an effective encryption technique, but we show how a combination of optical and digital techniques can restore confidence in that security. We conclude with the concept of digital hologram image processing, and applications of same that are uniquely suited to optical implementation, where the processing, recognition, or encryption step operates on full field information, such as that emanating from a coherently illuminated real-world three-dimensional object.

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“…5(a)] than the SOM. The resulting NRMS reconstruction errors [calculated using (5)] for various numbers of clusters are compared in Fig. 8.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Nonuniform Quantizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compression of Optically Encrypted Digital Holograms Using Artificial Neural Networks

Shortt

Naughton

Javidi

2006

J. Display Technol.

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Abstract-Compression and encryption/decryption are necessary for secure and efficient storage and transmission of image data. Optical encryption, as a promising application of display devices, takes advantage of both the massive parallelism inherent in optical systems and the flexibility offered by digital electronics. We encrypt real-world three-dimensional (3D) objects, captured using phase-shift interferometry, by combining a phase mask and Fresnel propagation. Compression is achieved by nonuniformly quantizing the complex-valued encrypted digital holograms using an artificial neural network. Decryption is performed by displaying the encrypted hologram and phase mask in an identical configuration. We achieved good quality decryption and reconstruction of 3D objects with as few as 2 bits in each real and imaginary value of the encrypted data.Index Terms-Artificial neural network (ANN), digital holography, image compression, optical encryption, three-dimensional (3D) image processing.

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Phase-only optical encryption

Cited by 188 publications

References 15 publications

Optimization of Hologram for Security Applications

Optimization of Hologram for Security Applications

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Compression of Optically Encrypted Digital Holograms Using Artificial Neural Networks

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