Phase Relationships of Solar Hemispheric Toroidal and Poloidal Cycles

Abstract

The solar northern and southern hemispheres exhibit differences between the intensities and time profiles of the activity cycles. The time variation of these properties has been studied in a previous article on the data of Cycles 12-23. The hemispheric phase lags exhibited a characteristic variation: the leading role has been exchanged between the hemispheres by four cycles. The present work extends the investigation of this variation with the data of Schwabe and Staudacher in Cycles 1-4 and 7-10 as well as Spörer's data in cycle 11. The previously found variation can not be clearly recognized using the data of Staudacher, Schwabe and Spörer. However, it is more interesting that the phase lags of the reversals of the magnetic fields at the poles follow the same variation as that of the hemispheric cycles in Cycles 12-23, i.e. in four cyles one of the hemispheres leads and the leading role jumps to the opposite hemisphere in the next four cycles.This means that this variation is a long term property of the entire solar dynamo mechanism, both the toroidal and poloidal fields, that hints at an unidentified component of the process responsible for the long term memory.

Solar Wind Helium Abundance Heralds Solar Cycle Onset

“…During solar minimum 24, BPs emerged in the northern hemisphere before the southern. As expected (Muraközy, 2016), the southern hemisphere is now leading as we enter solar cycle 25. Alterman and Kasper (2019) show that A He responds to changes in SSN with a phase lag that monotonically increases with v sw .…”

“…docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/generated/scipy.ndimage.gaussian filter.htmlSOLA: manuscript.tex;19 February 2021; 17:54; p. 9 …”

Connection Between Solar Hemispheric Toroidal Cycles and Geomagnetic Variations

“…The sunspot-group data are taken from the Greenwich Photoheliographic Results (GPR) for the years 1932 -1975, while the post-Greenwich data are taken from the Debrecen Photoheliographic Data (DPD: Baranyi, Győri, and Ludmány, 2016;Győri, Baranyi, and Ludmány, 2017). The GPR and DPD contain area as well as position data of all observed sunspot groups.…”

On the Decay of Sunspot Groups and Their Internal Parts in Detail

“…This study did not take into account any long term effect or hemispheric differences. As Muraközy & Ludmány (2012) and Muraközy (2016) reported a characteristic 4+4 pattern of hemispheric cycles in which the cycle of Northern hemisphere leads in four Schwabe cycles and the Southern hemispheric cycle leads in the next four cycles. The cause of this pattern is yet unclear.…”