Phase resistance estimation and monitoring of PMSM used in electrical vehicles

Abstract

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely used in electric vehicle application due to their high power density, high efficiency and very good performance at low speeds. Safety concerns in automotive industry require monitoring of the system to ensure a correct and safe operation of the electric vehicle. This paper presents three software methods for estimating the winding electrical resistance and detecting an open phase failure during torque control operation of a PMSM. All three methods can be applied online. Differences between these methods are reflected into computational effort and efficiency. The described methods were numerically simulated and tested in MATLAB. The first two methods monitor the electrical resistance of the stator windings which are estimated through an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). Hence, the three phase model and the rotating reference frame model are both used as internal models for the proposed Kalman filters and the estimation performance is evaluated in each case. In order to detect an open phase fault, the gradient of the estimated electrical resistance is monitored. The third method which is independent of the motor parameters calculates the Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) coefficients of the fundamental frequency in the phase currents signals. Hence, due to the low computational effort and good performance, the Goertzel algorithm is proposed. Conclusions are drawn based on estimation accuracy, time response and complexity of each method.

Implementation and verification of the PMSM stator interturn short fault detection algorithm

“…The Kalman filter is a common tool for state estimation. There are applications of the Extended Kalman filter for parameter estimation and fault detection [2], [3], [4], [5]. Most EKF fault detections methods for PMSMs exploit two phase models (the αβ or dq reference frame), but these models are not sufficient during the unbalanced stator winding situation.…”

Integrated diagnostic system for winding fault detection of the three-phase PMSM

“…There are paper dealing with the interturn short winding fault [2] and [3]. There are also particular applications of the EKF for parameter estimation and fault detection (FD) [4], [5], [6]. Most of the EKF fault detection methods for PMSMs use two-phase models (the αβ or dq reference frame).…”

Realization of a sensorless speed controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor drives based on field programmable gate array technology

“…Hence, it has been increasingly used not only in several industrial sectors but also in household appliance and electrical vehicle applications. [1][2][3][4] However, a conventional PMSM control needs a sensor to measure the rotor position and rotor speed for ensuring the precision field-oriented control (FOC) and speed control, but such sensor presents some disadvantages such as drive cost, machine size, reliability, and noise immunity.…”