“…where a(x, y) is the background, b(x, y) and φ(x, y) are the modulation intensity and the optical phase, f 0 is carrier frequency, and noise denotes the noise in I(x, y). Phase retrieval can be implemented by extracting the fringe part b(x, y) cos(φ(x, y) + 2πf 0 x) apart from the background a(x, y) and noise part [13]. However, due to the discontinuous edge of objects and noise effect, the fringe part and other parts are not well separated.…”