Phase Separation in Soft Matter Physics

Khabibullaev, P. K.; Saidov, A. A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-09278-1

Cited by 16 publications

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“…Figure 8(a) represented a SAXS profile of the polymeric membrane (PAMAM content: 50 wt %), and only the monotonic decay of the scattering intensity was found with wavenumber ( q ). Block copolymers with symmetrical compositions often gave a peak originated from a lamellae structure upon microphase separation in SAXS experiment 28, 29. However, the polymeric membrane did not show any peaks of such periodic structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Phase separation of polymeric materials producing a wide array of ordered micro or nanostructures has been of particular interest from both scientific and engineering viewpoints due to the unique mechanical, optical or electrical properties 28–31. In contrast to microphase separation of block copolymers, macrophase separation takes place in a micron scale, and a typical example is a binary blend of polymers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural analysis of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer immobilized in crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol)

Taniguchi

Kazama

Jinnai

2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Polymeric membranes comprised of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer immobilized in a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) network exhibit an excellent CO 2 separation selectivity over H 2 . The CO 2 permeability increases with PAMAM dendrimer concentration in the polymeric membrane and becomes 500 times greater than H 2 permeability when the dendrimer content was 50 wt % at ambient conditions (5 kPa of CO 2 partial pressure). However, the detailed morphology of the membrane has not been discussed. The immiscibility of PAMAM dendrimer and PEG matrix results in phase separation, which takes place in a couple of microns scale. Especially, laser scanning confocal microscope captures a 3D morphology of the polymeric blend. The obtained 3D reconstructions dem-onstrate a bicontinuous structure of PAMAM dendrimer-rich and PEG-rich phases, which indicates the presence of PAMAM dendrimer channel penetrating the polymeric membrane, and CO 2 will preferentially pass through the dendrimer channel. In addition, Fourier transform of the 3D reconstructions indicates the presence of a periodic structure. An average size of the dendrimer domain calculated is 2-4 lm in proportion to PAMAM dendrimer concentration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural analysis of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer immobilized in crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol)

Taniguchi

Kazama

Jinnai

2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“…Phase separation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature [1,2]. A most prominent example familiar to everyone is that oil and water do not mix.…”

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“…Notably, according to the argument above, the significance of the kinetic energy can be controlled by changing the size of the container. That is, the phase mixing-demixing transition can be controlled by a geometrical method, instead of the mechanical method of changing the values of the g's, which is based on (1) and is demonstrated in Refs. [12,13].…”

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Controlling phase separation of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate by confinement

et al. 2012

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We point out that the widely accepted condition g11g22 < g 2 12 for phase separation of a twocomponent Bose-Einstein condensate is insufficient if kinetic energy is taken into account, which competes against the inter-component interaction and favors phase mixing. Here g11, g22, and g12 are the intra-and inter-component interaction strengths, respectively. Taking a d-dimensional infinitely deep square well potential of width L as an example, a simple scaling analysis shows that if d = 1 (d = 3), phase separation will be suppressed as L → 0 (L → ∞) whether the condition g11g22 < g 2 12 is satisfied or not. In the intermediate case of d = 2, the width L is irrelevant but again phase separation can be partially, or even completely suppressed even if g11g22 < g 2 12 . Moreover, the miscibility-immiscibility transition is turned from a first-order one into a second-order one by the kinetic energy. All these results carry over to d-dimensional harmonic potentials, where the harmonic oscillator length ξ ho plays the role of L. Our finding provides a scenario of controlling the miscibility-immiscibility transition of a two-component condensate by changing the confinement, instead of the conventional approach of changing the values of the g's.

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On the structure of anionic clusters in liquid CO2 and photodisintegration of (CO2) n − clusters

2005

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The physicochemical properties of ëé 2 solutions in the supercritical state (sc-ëé 2 ) have been extensively studied in the past decade [1][2][3][4]. This interest stems from the fact that sc-ëé 2 is an environmentally safe solvent that substitutes for toxic nonpolar solvents, such as acetone, methanol, and toluene, in industry. In addition, sc-ëé 2 is a candidate for a coolant for nuclear reactors. A specific feature of sc-CO 2 is the formation of clusters of anions with the number of particles n = 2, 3, 4, 7, 13, or more [3]. The quasi-free electron is localized in the potential well arising from the interaction of the electron with the surrounding atoms of ëé 2 molecules. This solvated electron is treated as an anion with a characteristic radius embedded in a solvation shell with a complex structure. The presence of such charged clusters strongly affects the adsorption and transfer processes and the chemical reactivity of reagents in solutions of sc-ëé 2 . Although numerous studies have been focused on the behavior of the electron in liquid systems, effects related to the limitation of the volume or number of particles in the system under consideration taking into account the structural characteristics of molecular clusters are still poorly understood. Such effects are of importance for clusters; in particular, they can lead to the formation of the localized surface electron state. In this work, we considered the localized electron state on the surface of molecular clusters with n = 7 and 13 taking into account their spatial structures. The structures of the most stable anionic clusters were suggested, and the photodisintegration cross sections of these clusters were calculated. Based on analysis of the symmetry and magic numbers of the clusters, we suggested dodecahedral and icosahedral structures of the anionic clusters and , respectively. Both clusters have spherical symmetry, which makes it possible to use the Dirac bubble model potential [4] in calculations of the electron-cluster interaction.) 13 -Analysis of the spatial structures of clusters provides rich information on the interaction of their constituent atoms and molecules and allows one to select appropriate model potentials in calculations of their properties. Shkrob and Sauer [3] suggested that the nucleus of the atomic clusters with n ≤ 6 and n ≥ 14 is the dimer, whereas, in the clusters with 6 < n < 14, the nucleus is the ion, which interacts with surrounding molecules with a binding energy of 0.22 eV per molecule. Any informational, mathematical, physical, crystal, and biological structures are based on polyhedra; therefore, it is reasonable to assume the formation of more or less regular structures in sc-ëé 2 . Indeed, ab initio calculations show that ëé 2 trimers and tetramers have the C 2 v symmetry and a T-shaped configuration [5].The calculations of the topological structures of clusters in various gases [6] show that, in the case of van der Waals interactions, noble gas clusters containing 7, 13, or 16 particles correspond to their stabl...

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Phase Separation in Soft Matter Physics

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Structural analysis of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer immobilized in crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol)

Structural analysis of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer immobilized in crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol)

Controlling phase separation of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate by confinement

On the structure of anionic clusters in liquid CO2 and photodisintegration of (CO2) n − clusters

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