Phase-shifting digital holography

Yamaguchi, Ichirou; Zhang, Tong

doi:10.1364/ol.22.001268

Cited by 1,897 publications

(543 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These invariably produce a complex-valued encrypted image. Digital holography [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] can be used to measure complex-valued wavefronts, and it has been applied to the encryption of 2D conventional (real-valued) images [57][58][59]. Of these, the techniques based on phase-shift interferometry [65,67,70] (PSI) make good use of detector resources in that they capture on-axis encrypted digital holograms [58,59].…”

Section: Optical Image Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Naughton¹,

Rastogi²,

Hack³

2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The use of phase has a long standing history in optical image processing, with early milestones being in the field of pattern recognition, such as VanderLugt's practical construction technique for matched filters, and (implicitly) Goodman's joint Fourier transform correlator. In recent years, the flexibility afforded by phase-only spatial light modulators and digital holography, for example, has enabled many processing techniques based on the explicit encoding and decoding of phase. One application area concerns efficient numerical computations. Pushing phase measurement to its physical limits, designs employing the physical properties of phase have ranged from the sensible to the wonderful, in some cases making computationally easy problems easier to solve and in other cases addressing mathematics' most challenging computationally hard problems. Another application area is optical image encryption, in which, typically, a phase mask modulates the fractional Fourier transformed coefficients of a perturbed input image, and the phase of the inverse transform is then sensed as the encrypted image. The inherent linearity that makes the system so elegant mitigates against its use as an effective encryption technique, but we show how a combination of optical and digital techniques can restore confidence in that security. We conclude with the concept of digital hologram image processing, and applications of same that are uniquely suited to optical implementation, where the processing, recognition, or encryption step operates on full field information, such as that emanating from a coherently illuminated real-world three-dimensional object.

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Section: Optical Image Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Naughton¹,

Rastogi²,

Hack³

2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…But, this technique requires additional experimental efforts [8]. Nowadays, with the invention of high speed microprocessors and high speed CCD cameras, digital holography has become feasible, and the digitized holographic data are processed numerically to reconstruct the images using computer programs [9][10][11][12][13]. Goodman and Lawrence [9] and Kronrod [14] were the first to use a computer for reconstructing a hologram.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Time Temperature Distribution Measurement of a Microheater by Using Off-Axis Digital Holography

Tserendolgor

Baek²,

Kim³

2011

Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society

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We describe a single shot off-axis digital holography based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometic scheme for measuring temperature distribution of a microheater. The proposed scheme has the capability of reconstructing object phase image which is dependent of the temperature distribution in real time. Experimental results shows that there is a moderate linear relationship between the measured phase and temperature in the range of 20 o C to 60 o C. We expect that the proposed system can provide a very reliable and fast solution in various surface temperature distribution measurement applications.

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“…It pioneered the development of phaseshifting [4] holographic interferometry. Time-modulated phase-shifting interferometry involves recording of a sequence of interferograms over at least one modulation cycle of the intensity.…”

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Singular-value demodulation of phase-shifted holograms

Lopes

Atlan

2015

Opt. Lett.

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We report on phase-shifted holographic interferogram demodulation by singular value decomposition. Numerical processing of optically-acquired interferograms over several modulation periods was performed in two steps : 1-rendering of off-axis complex-valued holograms by Fresnel transformation of the interferograms; 2-eigenvalue spectrum assessment of the lag-covariance matrix of hologram pixels. Experimental results in low-light recording conditions were compared with demodulation by Fourier analysis, in the presence of random phase drifts.Recording optical holograms by time-modulated interferometry was proposed and demonstrated in early studies [1][2][3]. It pioneered the development of phaseshifting [4] holographic interferometry. Time-modulated phase-shifting interferometry involves recording of a sequence of interferograms over at least one modulation cycle of the intensity. Temporal demodulation consists in a linear combination of a sequence of recorded interferograms, whose coefficients are the ones of a discrete Fourier transform [5][6][7]. An important feature of holographic interferometry is to allow spatial signal modulation in off-axis recording conditions [8], which permits the discrimination of self-beating and crossbeating interferometric contributions of the object field and the reference field. In this configuration, spurious interferometric contributions can be filtered-off [9]. It was demonstrated that the combination of spatial and temporal signal modulation enables low-light imaging at shot noise levels [10,11]. Important features and applications include optical phase imaging [12][13][14][15] and detection tunability in the radiofrequency range for optical heterodyne detection [16], frequency-resolved narrowband sensing of scattered optical radiation [17][18][19]. Sensitivity is compatible with photon-counting recording conditions [20][21][22]. In standard phase-shifting interferometry, a sequence of interferograms with known phase shifts between probed and reference optical waves is recorded. When the modulation is not known, principal component analysis [23] can be used for nonparametric, non-iterative demodulation. It identifies uncorrelated variables in the structure of the data (the principal components) from the analysis of its correlations. Non-parametric approaches were also applied to image formation concepts [24], speckle reduction [25][26][27][28][29], and laser speckle contrast analysis of flows [30].In this letter, we demonstrate experimentally that the sensitivity of low-light optical signal retrieval in time-modulated holographic interferometry can be improved with respect to Fourier transform demodulation in practical conditions, when random signal fluctuations are present. For that purpose, a data-driven, nonparametric signal processing method is used. It consists of calculating the spectrum of eigenvalues in a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the lag-covariance matrix of recorded temporal fluctuations of the hologram's pixels, after spatial Fresnel transformation. The p...

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Phase-shifting digital holography

Cited by 1,897 publications

References 7 publications

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Phase in Optical Image Processing

Real Time Temperature Distribution Measurement of a Microheater by Using Off-Axis Digital Holography

Singular-value demodulation of phase-shifted holograms

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