Phase stabilized homodyne of infrared scattering type scanning near-field optical microscopy

Xu, Xiaoji G.; Gilburd, Leonid; Walker, Gilbert C.

doi:10.1063/1.4905207

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Since the taper apex is directly illuminated by far-field light localized to a diffraction limited spot, the recorded scattered light not only contains the desired near-field signal but also a background of scattered far-field light, whose intensity may often exceed the near-field contribution by far [49]. Commonly, a combination of a periodic modulation of the tip-sample distance and an interferometric heterodyne detection scheme is used to filter out the desired near-field signal [50][51][52][53][54]. With this, spatially resolved imaging of optical near fields with spatial resolution in the 10 nm range is now routinely achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic nanofocusing – grey holes for light

Groß

Esmann

Becker

et al. 2016

Advances in Physics: X

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Improving the resolution and sensitivity in all-optical microscopy and spectroscopy is inevitably one of the most important challenges in contemporary optical and nanoscience. Here, we discuss a novel approach, plasmonic nanofocusing, towards broadband, coherent all-optical microscopy with ultrahigh temporal and spatial resolution. The conceptual idea is to launch radially symmetric surface plasmon polariton modes onto the shaft of a sharp, conical metal taper. While propagating towards the apex of the pointed taper, the spatial extent of the plasmonic mode gradually shrinks, from several microns in diameter to a spot size of less than 10 nm at the pointed apex of the conical taper. Concomitantly, the local field amplitude of the plasmon mode gradually increases, resulting in a pronounced field enhancement at the apex and -thus -a bright and spatially isolated coherent light source with dimensions far below the diffraction limit. In this review, we characterize the optical properties of such three-dimensional conical metal tapers and demonstrate nanofocusing of radially symmetric plasmon modes. We use this nanolight source for coherent light scattering spectroscopy and demonstrate the sensitivity enhancement resulting from the pronounced spatial field confinement. It is shown that such off-resonant plasmonic nanoantennas facilitate the creation of nanofocused light spots with few-cycle time resolution. As a first application of this ability to nanolocalize ultrashort plasmon wavepackets, we demonstrate remotely-triggered multiphoton-induced photoemission from the very apex of the taper and implement this novel ultrafast electron gun in a point-projection electron microscope. Our results not only indicate the favourable optical properties of this plasmonic nanolens but also suggest that it may find interesting applications in ultrafast scanning optical spectroscopy and might enable new types of ultrafast electron holography and scanning tunnelling microscopy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic nanofocusing – grey holes for light

Groß

Esmann

Becker

et al. 2016

Advances in Physics: X

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“…Such background is rejected by periodically modulating the tip‐sample distance and detecting only the scattering component that oscillates at the overtone frequencies of the tip oscillating frequencies (called the high‐harmonic demodulation technique). The interferometry both enhances the signal intensities, and also enables separate recording of the amplitude and phase of scattered light . The sSNOM technique is quasi‐surface sensitive, in the sense that the tip can probe top ~10 nm thickness of the sample surface …”

Section: The Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interferometry both enhances the signal intensities, and also enables separate recording of the amplitude and phase of scattered light. [21][22][23][24] The sSNOM technique is quasi-surface sensitive, in the sense that the tip can probe top~10 nm thickness of the sample surface. 9 The IR-sSNOM technique has been successfully applied to visualize the domains in block copolymers, 25 biopolymers 26 and individual proteins, 27 and single organic monolayers.…”

Section: The Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging at Nanometer Scale

Choi

Jeong

Kim

2018

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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Infrared (IR) vibrational spectroscopy is one of the oldest and the most widely used analytical tool for the characterization of chemical species in samples. Spatially resolved IR spectroscopy, the IR spectro‐microscopy, may offer information on the spatial arrangement of chemical species on sample surfaces as well as the chemical identity of the species. However, conventional far‐field IR microscopy offers spatial resolution of 5 μm, which is not nearly enough for fully characterizing the sample structures in many cases. In this article, we review the recently developed spectro‐microscopy methods that can overcome the diffraction limit of light and offer chemical maps of samples at nanometric scales. We mainly focus on IR near‐field microscopy, IR photothermal microscopy, IR photo‐induced force microscopy, and finally the IR‐Visible photothermal lensing microscopy. The key principles of each technique, practical merits, and limitations are described.

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“…1(a) shows a standard interferometric s-SNOM apparatus that is used for reconstruction s-SNOM (for detailed description, please see the supplementary material). 25 The signal from the optical detection is demodulated by two lock-in amplifiers with a series of lock-in harmonic demodulations with both amplitude A n and phase Φ n , and n is the order of the demodulation. Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mapping three-dimensional near-field responses with reconstruction scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy

Wang

Jakob

et al. 2017

AIP Advances

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Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) enables mapping of nanoscale field distributions in two dimensions. However, the standard s-SNOM technique lacks direct resolving ability along the vertical direction, therefore unable to provide full three-dimensional near-field responses. Here, we develop a reconstruction technique that enables s-SNOM to collect a three-dimensional response cube of near-field interaction. The technique also allows a new operational mode of s-SNOM based on the characteristic decay range of near-field interactions. As a demonstration, the bound near-field at the sides of a polaritonic boron nitride nanotube is revealed through the collection of the near-field response cube. The graphene boundary and discontinuities are revealed by the near-field decay range mapping. The reconstruction s-SNOM technique extends the capability of s-SNOM and is generally applicable for a wide range of nanoscale characterizations that are suitable for s-SNOM, such as characterizations of plasmonic and polaritonic nanostructures.

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Phase stabilized homodyne of infrared scattering type scanning near-field optical microscopy

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Plasmonic nanofocusing – grey holes for light

Plasmonic nanofocusing – grey holes for light

Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging at Nanometer Scale

Mapping three-dimensional near-field responses with reconstruction scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy

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