Phase Transfer Catalyzed Free Radical Polymerization: Kinetics of Polymerization of Alkyl Methacrylates Using Potassium Peroxomonosulphate/Tetrabutyl Phosphonium Chloride Catalyst System

Balakrishnan, T.; Kumar, Sumit

doi:10.1081/ma-100101120

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…3). Similar order of reaction with respect to initiator concentration has been reported for the polymerization of other vinyl monomers [29,31,32,40] using different phase transfer catalyst initiated by PDS. The higher order of polymerization in the case of initiator variation may be either due to gel effect or diffusion-controlled termination rate constant [40].…”

Section: Effect Of [Pds] On the Rate Of Polymerization (R P )mentioning

confidence: 48%

Phase transfer catalyst aided radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate in two-phase system: a kinetic study

Murugesan

Umapathy

2016

Int J Ind Chem

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The kinetics of radical polymerization of butyl acrylate initiated by potassium peroxydisulphate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst (PTC) was carried out under inert and unstirred conditions at constant temperature of 60 ± 2°C in ethyl acetate-water biphase media. The polymerization reactions were relatively fast in the two-phase systems with phase transfer agent whereas extremely sluggish in the system without PTC. Use of PTC accelerates the reaction effectively if the reactants located in two phase. The effects of rate of polymerization (R p ) on various experimental conditions such as different concentrations of monomer, initiator, phase transfer catalyst, temperature, and different ionic strength of the medium were explored. The order with respect to monomer, initiator and phase transfer catalyst was found to be unity. The R p is independent of ionic strength and pH of the medium. However, an increase in the polarity of solvent has slightly increased the R p value. Based on the results obtained, a plausible mechanism has been proposed for the polymerization reaction. The obtained polymer was confirmed by FT-IR analysis.

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Section: Effect Of [Pds] On the Rate Of Polymerization (R P )mentioning

confidence: 48%

Phase transfer catalyst aided radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate in two-phase system: a kinetic study

Murugesan

Umapathy

2016

Int J Ind Chem

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“…In case, if the termination takes place by combination of primary radicals, the initiator order is expected to deviate from half order. However, in this study, the initiator order was found to be greater than half and it may be attributed to gel effect or diffusion-controlled termination constant [41].…”

Section: Role Of [Mma] On the Rate Of Polymerization (R P )mentioning

confidence: 78%

Multi-site phase transfer catalyzed radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in mixed aqueous–organic medium: a kinetic study

et al. 2017

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This work establishes the kinetics of radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in an aqueous-organic two-phase system using 1,4-bis (triethylmethylammonium) benzene dichloride (TEMABDC) as multi-site phase transfer catalyst and potassium peroxydisulphate (K 2 S 2 O 8 ) as water-soluble initiator at 60 ± 1°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The role of concentrations of monomer, initiator, catalyst, acid and ionic strength, temperature and volume fraction of aqueous phase on the rate of polymerization (R p ) was investigated. . The rate of polymerization increases with an increase in the concentration of monomer, initiator, catalyst and temperature. A generalized reaction model was developed to explain the phase transfer catalyzed polymerization reaction. Based on the kinetic results, radical mechanism has been derived. The activation energy and other thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The FT-IR spectroscopy validates a band of 1732 cm -1 of ester group of the obtained polymer. The viscosity average molecular weight of the PMMA was found 1.6955 9 10 4 g/mol.

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“…The higher initiator order can be explained by gel effect or diffusion controlled termination constant [23]. In addition, higher order of initiator concentration suggests that the termination is bimolecular and monomer-induced decomposition of PDS was absent [23]. The greater than half order with respect to initiator concentration was reported in phase-catalyzed polymerization systems [36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Variation Of [Pds] On the R Pmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…4a, b). The higher initiator order can be explained by gel effect or diffusion controlled termination constant [23]. In addition, higher order of initiator concentration suggests that the termination is bimolecular and monomer-induced decomposition of PDS was absent [23].…”

Section: Variation Of [Pds] On the R Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic condition boosts up the rate of phase transfer catalyzed polymerization of acrylonitrile in two-phase system

Marimuthu

Murugesan

2017

Appl Petrochem Res

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An ultrasound condition associated with phasetransfer catalyst (PTC) has great diverse applications in synthesis of various organic and polymeric materials because of its fast reaction and high yield in short period of time. Phase transfer catalyst (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as PTC) extracts the reactive radical anion from aqueous phase and transfer to organic phase whilst ultrasound condition enhances the radical formation; consequently, acrylonitrile was polymerized in ethyl acetate/ water two-phase system at 60 ± 1°C under ultrasound (25 kHz/300 W) and silent condition. The rate of polymerization (R p ) was doubled under ultrasound compare to silent condition. The various experimental parameters such as monomer, initiator, catalyst and temperature, solvent polarity on the rate of polymerization was studied in both conditions. The activation energy (E a ) and other thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The E a value of ultrasound condition supports the enhancement of rate of polymerization. On the basis of observed results, a suitable kinetic model, mechanism and effect of ultrasound in the rate of polymerization were discussed. The obtained polymer was analyzed by TG/DTA and FT-IR. The viscosity average molecular weight of the polymer was found to be 6.8526 9 10 4 g mol -1 .

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Phase Transfer Catalyzed Free Radical Polymerization: Kinetics of Polymerization of Alkyl Methacrylates Using Potassium Peroxomonosulphate/Tetrabutyl Phosphonium Chloride Catalyst System

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Phase transfer catalyst aided radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate in two-phase system: a kinetic study

Phase transfer catalyst aided radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate in two-phase system: a kinetic study

Multi-site phase transfer catalyzed radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in mixed aqueous–organic medium: a kinetic study

Ultrasonic condition boosts up the rate of phase transfer catalyzed polymerization of acrylonitrile in two-phase system

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