Phase transformations in maraging steels

Sha, Wei; Leitner, Harald; Guo, Zhan Li; Xu, Weipan

doi:10.1533/9780857096111.2.332

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the CCS annealed at 800°C for 3 min (CCS-1) is 1.7 GPa, and the corresponding specific UTS is 260 MPa•cm 3 g −1 . The specific UTS, together with 13% total elongation (uniform elongation of 11%), surpasses previously reported HSSS (6), dual-phase heterogeneous lamella structured HEAs (21), and conventional maraging steels (22), as shown in Fig. 3B.…”

Section: Outstanding Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Because of the higher annealing temperature, the CCS-3 shows a higher fraction of recrystallized material, larger grain size, and larger spacing among the precipitates compared to the CCS-1 (see Materials and Methods), which allows for less confined dislocation motion and thus causes a significant increase of the tensile elongation. The resulting combination of specific strength and ductility of the CCSs again exceeds that of all other bulk high-strength HEAs (21,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33), lightweight steels (4,6,7,(34)(35)(36), and maraging steels (22,23) (Fig. 3B).…”

Section: Outstanding Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Ultrastrong lightweight compositionally complex steels via dual-nanoprecipitation

et al. 2020

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High-performance lightweight materials are urgently needed, given the pressing quest for weight reduction and the associated energy savings and emission reduction. Here, by incorporating the multi–principal element feature of compositionally complex alloys, we develop the concept of lightweight steels further and propose a new class of compositionally complex steels (CCSs). This approach allows us to use the high solid solution strengthening and shift the alloys’ compositions into previously unattainable phase regions where both nanosized shearable κ-carbides and non-shearable B2 particles are simultaneously formed. The achievement of dual-nanoprecipitation in our CCSs leads to materials with ultrahigh specific tensile strength (up to 260 MPa·cm3 g−1) and excellent tensile elongation (13 to 38%), a combination outperforming all other high-strength high-entropy alloys and advanced lightweight steels. Our concept of CCSs is thus useful for guiding the design of ultrastrong lightweight metallic materials.

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Section: Outstanding Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Outstanding Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ultrastrong lightweight compositionally complex steels via dual-nanoprecipitation

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, Liaw's group fixed the Al:Ni ratio of the FBB-8 steel at 0.65, the highest among Jiao and Liu's (Al:Ni = 0.2 [7]), Jiang and Lu's (Al: Ni = 0.17 [8]) and PH 13-8 (Al:Ni = 0.09 [55]) steels. A low Al:Ni ratio reduces the austenite reverse temperature, leading to a significant strength reduction at the elevated temperatures and thus restricting the steels to only serve in the intermediate temperature environment with operating temperatures below 600°C [55,[64][65][66][67][68]. In spite of the increased NiAl volume fraction and austenite reversed temperature, the creep resistance of the FBB-8 steel is still not sufficient for the industrial steam turbine applications above 700°C [69], most probably due to the dissolution of the ultrafine secondary NiAl precipitates at elevated temperatures [62].…”

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…way will be the design of steel chemistry so that a soft austenite phase exists, but at the expense of the steel strength generally [65,81,[119][120][121][122][123]. Steels with ultrafine grains are also expected to demonstrate improved toughness as the dislocation pile-up and crack propagation become more difficult, in addition to the reduced segregation of embrittling elements at grain boundaries [124][125][126][127].…”

Section: Current Limitation and Future Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is an important discovery as real engineering applications require both the strength and ductility.On the other hand, Liaw's group focused on the development of low-cost advanced nanostructured steels for steam turbine applications. The conventional NiAl precipitate-strengthened maraging steels such as PH 13-8 have intermediate service temperatures below 600°C, due to the low volume fraction (~3%) of NiAl precipitates[32,55] and low reversed austenite temperature (<600°C)[55,[64][65][66][67][68]. Liaw's group…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-carbon advanced nanostructured steels: Microstructure, mechanical properties, and applications

Kong

Jiao

et al. 2021

Sci. China Mater.

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Low-carbon advanced nanostructured steels have been developed for various structural engineering applications, including bridges, automobiles, and other strength-critical applications such as the reactor pressure vessels in nuclear power stations. The mechanical performances and applications of these steels are strongly dependent on their microstructural features. By controlling the size, number density, distribution, and types of precipitates, it is possible to produce nanostructured steels with a tensile strength reaching as high as 2 GPa while keeping a decent tensile elongation above 10% and a reduction of area as high as 40%. Besides, through a careful control of strength contributions from multiple strengthening mechanisms, the nanostructured steels with superior strengths and low-temperature impact toughness can be obtained by avoiding the temper embrittlement regime. With appropriate Mn additions, these nanostructured steels can achieve a triple enhancement in ductility (total tensile elongation, TE of~30%) at no expense of strengths (yield strength, YS of~1100 to 1300 MPa, ultimate tensile strength, UTS of~1300 to 1400 MPa). More importantly, these steels demonstrate good fabricability and weldability. In this paper, the microstructure-property relationships of these advanced nanostructured steels are comprehensively reviewed. In addition, the current limitations and future development of these nanostructured steels are carefully discussed and outlined.

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Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Laser Powder Bed Fusion‐Processed 18Ni300 Maraging Steel According to Direct Aging Treatment Conditions

No,

Jeong,

Ryu

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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The nonequilibrium microstructures produced by laser‐based additive manufacturing can enhance the mechanical properties of metallic alloys. However, the optimal post‐treatment conditions will change according to the initial microstructure induced by the manufacturing process employed. Therefore, this study investigates the optimal direct aging conditions for the post‐treatment of laser powder bed fusion‐processed 18Ni300 maraging steel by changing the aging temperature and time. The aging time required to achieve maximum tensile strength decreased as the aging temperature increased, and an increase in the aging temperature accelerated the evolution of nanoscale precipitates. The results indicate that the optimal direct aging conditions of 520 °C for 2 h achieved the largest tensile strength (≈2100 MPa) and precipitate area fraction. Notably, the reduced aging time at this temperature compared with that under conventional aging conditions (8 h at 460 °C or 490 °C) minimizes the thickening of the (Mo,Ti)‐rich segregation, which otherwise contributes to austenite reversion and strength reduction owing to overaging. Thus, the optimal direct aging conditions for additively manufactured maraging steel components are different from those for conventionally produced maraging steel components. This understanding of the microstructural changes induced by direct aging according to the initial non‐equilibrium state provides vital information for enhancing the performance of additively manufactured metallic alloys.

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Phase transformations in maraging steels

Cited by 27 publications

References 45 publications

Ultrastrong lightweight compositionally complex steels via dual-nanoprecipitation

Ultrastrong lightweight compositionally complex steels via dual-nanoprecipitation

Low-carbon advanced nanostructured steels: Microstructure, mechanical properties, and applications

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Laser Powder Bed Fusion‐Processed 18Ni300 Maraging Steel According to Direct Aging Treatment Conditions

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