Phase transition autocatalysis of the hydrolysis of some esters of azo dyes

Dust Effects on Ir(0)n Nanoparticle Formation Nucleation and Growth Kinetics and Particle Size-Distributions: Analysis by and Insights from Mechanism-Enabled Population Balance Modeling

“…Our results teach that if one has created a PBM that has more than 3–4 total parameters, that is also a PBModel based on nonexperimental input (e.g., such as Classical Nucleation Theory), then the resulting simulations need to be treated with great caution and could be misleading as in a recent example The literature cited in the Introduction, demonstrating that microfiltration sharpens the PSDs of Au(0) n and S n particle formation as well as azo-dye aggregation, provides highly suggestive evidence for the broader application of the kinetics and mechanistic findings uncovered herein of the effects of dust on particle formation reactions and especially on their associated nucleation rate constants. However, much remains to be understood about the effects of dust on nucleation and growth, especially a more detailed physical picture of precisely how the presence of dust has the effects observed both here and in the prior literature. − Some discussion and a working hypothesis based on the concept of Prenucleation Clusters − are provided in the Supporting Information about how dust z– might possibly be functioning in systems with cationic precatalyst components such as Ir I (1,5-COD) + . That said, the work herein is just a start on the needed additional studies, of the effects of common, omnipresent dust and the analysis of its effects by methods that include ME-PBM, for a range of nucleating systems across nature. …”

“…However, much remains to be understood about the effects of dust on nucleation and growth, especially a more detailed physical picture of precisely how the presence of dust has the effects observed both here and in the prior literature. − Some discussion and a working hypothesis based on the concept of Prenucleation Clusters − are provided in the Supporting Information about how dust z– might possibly be functioning in systems with cationic precatalyst components such as Ir I (1,5-COD) + . That said, the work herein is just a start on the needed additional studies, of the effects of common, omnipresent dust and the analysis of its effects by methods that include ME-PBM, for a range of nucleating systems across nature.…”

“…There, filtration of dust narrowed the final size distribution 2-fold, a result remarkably close to the effect of removing dust in the present Ir(0) n nanoparticle formation system, vide infra. Then, another 15 years later, Reeves et al reported in a 1978 paper , the effects of microfiltration on the hydrolysis of an azo-dye followed by agglomeration of the resultant alcohol. Reeves et al found that the filtration of the reactant solution through a 0.2 μm nucleopore microfiltration membrane slowed the rate of colloidal product formation by a factor of ca.…”

A Classic Azo–Dye Agglomeration System: Evidence for Slow, Continuous Nucleation, Autocatalytic Agglomerative Growth, Plus the Effects of Dust Removal by Microfiltration on the Kinetics

“…We suspected that the FW two-step (unimolecular nucleation, vide infra) mechanism would be the minimal mechanism able to account quantitatively for the sigmoidal kinetics data back in Figure reported by Reeves et al for the net dye hydrolysis and agglomeration reaction shown in Scheme . If so, that would be important, because it would be the historically first, albeit it was missed at the time, example of the connection of a deliberately minimalistic, disproof-based, and hence mechanistically rigorous mechanism of nucleation and growth to filtration effects attributed to dustand only the second deconvolution of the effects of dust to individual mechanistic steps .…”

“…It was during the construction of that publication, specifically during a careful review of the relevant literature, that we discovered the important Reeves et al paper reexamined herein.…”