A polymorphic transformation can have an undesirable influence on the product quality during the processing and storage of polymorphic compounds in the industry. By understanding the mechanism and kinetics of the polymorphic transformation, the polymorphism can be better controlled and the product quality can be improved. The transformation of o-aminobenzoic acid (o-ABA) polymorphs in air was studied at high temperature. With the aid of Raman spectroscopy, accurate calibration lines among three polymorphs of o-ABA were constructed, which facilitate the determination of the polymorphic content during the transformation processes. The transformation process of form I was in situ monitored at 90 °C using Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy. During the heating, form I transforms to form III, not to form II as previously reported. This phase transformation proceeds through two steps:(1) rapid nucleation and crystal growth of form III on the crystal surfaces of form I, and then (2) slow transformation via a vapor-mediated transformation. Form II also converts into form III at 90 °C, but proceeds only via the vapor-mediated transformation. The results show that at higher temperature form III is the most stable form, while form I and form II are metastable.