Phase Transitions of Aqueous Atmospheric Particles

Martin, Scot T.

doi:10.1021/cr990034t

Cited by 714 publications

(956 citation statements)

References 365 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

882

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[79][80][81] Phase transitions 82,83 for inorganic and organic materials can be investigated in situ in great detail and under very low temperatures. The IN-ESEM platform can also be applied to other research areas where well-controlled temperature or RH are required such as cryobiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles

Wang

Knopf

China

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The work presents microscopic observations of heterogeneous ice nucleation from experiments conducted inside an environmental scanning electron microscope. Observations of ice formation on kaolinite particles demonstrate that ice preferentially nucleates at the edges of the stacked platelets, rather than on the basal planes. This platform is applied for directly detecting and tracking ice nucleating particles in ambient aerosol samples and is complemented by micro-spectroscopic chemical imaging. This technique opens a path to new physical chemistry studies of ice formation in atmospheric science, cryobiology, and material science.www.rsc.org/pccp Heterogeneous ice nucleation is a physical chemistry process of critical relevance to a range of topics in the fundamental and applied sciences and technologies. Heterogeneous ice nucleation remains insufficiently understood, partially due to the lack of experimental methods capable of obtaining in situ microscopic details of ice formation over nucleating substrates or particles. We present microscopic observations of ice nucleation events on kaolinite particles at the nanoscale and demonstrate the capability of direct tracking and micro-spectroscopic characterization of individual ice nucleating particles (INPs) in an authentic atmospheric sample. This approach utilizes a custom-built ice nucleation cell, interfaced with an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (IN-ESEM platform) operated at temperatures and relative humidities relevant for heterogeneous ice nucleation. The IN-ESEM platform allows dynamic observations of individual ice formation events over particles in isobaric and isothermal experiments. Isothermal experiments on individual kaolinite particles demonstrate that ice crystals preferably nucleate at the edges of the stacked kaolinite platelets, rather than on their basal planes.These experimental observations of the location of ice nucleation provide direct information for further theoretical chemistry predictions of ice formation on kaolinite.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles

Wang

Knopf

China

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The transitions between the solid and aqueous phases at certain points (or in certain ranges) of relative humidity (RH) are described by the deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) where dry particles absorb water and dissolve and the crystallization relative humidity (CRH) at which solution droplets crystallize. Such transitions are important in determining optical properties, CCN activity, and chemical reactivity (Martin 2000). In depth investigation of the phase behaviors and hygroscopicity of atmospheric aerosols is therefore necessary to elucidate their impacts on global climate and tropospheric chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Content and Phase Transitions in Particles of Inorganic and Organic Species and their Mixtures Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

Yeung

Chan

2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hygroscopicity and phase transitions were measured with deposited particles of ammonium sulfate (AS), ammonium nitrate (AN), malonic acid (MA), glutaric acid (GA), glyoxylic acid (GlyA), as well as two mixed particle systems AS-MA and AS-GA using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Hygroscopicity was presented in terms of water-to-solute mass ratios, which were obtained from the integrated area ratios of the Raman water band to a distinct solute peak. Deliquescence and crystallization were confirmed by abrupt changes in the Raman peak positions and the full-widthhalf-heights of distinct solute peaks. The results for AS, AN, MA, and GA agreed well with literature reports and model predictions. For GlyA, we detected the Raman water band at near 0% RH, indicating that the spectral technique is sensitive for hygroscopic measurements at very low RH. Additional spectral feature at ∼0% RH was also observed. In the case of more complicated ASdicarboxylic acid mixed systems, the partial phase transitions of the organic components were identified using the intensity ratios of aqueous to solid C=O peaks. AS-MA particles did not completely crystallize and gradual water uptake with increasing RH from 3% was observed. Moreover, it was found that AS-GA particles showed step-wise crystallization in which the AS fraction crystallized prior to the GA fraction. The measured water content and complete DRH of both mixed systems were consistent with the published values. The results show the utility of micro-Raman spectroscopic analysis in studying hygroscopicity and phase characterizations of the chemical species in mixed particles.

show abstract

“…The growth factor depends not only on the state variables of particle chemical composition and aerosol relative humidity (RH) but also, because of a hysteresis effect, on the recent RH history. For example, because solid sodium chloride particles deliquesce at 75% RH at 298 K and aqueous sodium chloride particles effloresce at 45% RH (Martin 2000), sodium chloride particles may exist as either aqueous or solid particles over the domain 45 < RH < 75%, with the implication that the hygroscopic growth factor is not a 642 T. ROSENOERN ET AL. single-valued function over this range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1-by-3 Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer for Measurement of the Irreversibility of the Hygroscopic Growth Factor

Rosenoern¹,

Paulsen²,

Martin³

2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new instrument, namely the 1 × 3 tandem differential mobility analyzer (1 × 3-TDMA), has been developed. Its primary measurement is the irreversibility of the hygroscopic growth factor of aerosol particles. The instrument uses the hysteresis of phase transitions to infer the solid or aqueous state of the particles. A first DMA passes particles of a selected electric mobility at relative humidity RH 0 . Exiting this DMA, the particles are split into three separate flows. The first flow is exposed to RH 0 → (RH 0 + δ) → RH 0 in a deliquescence test before passing through a second DMA that is set to the same electric mobility as the first DMA. The second flow passes directly to a third DMA without change in RH, thereby serving as a reference arm. This DMA is also set to the same electric mobility as the first DMA. The transmission ratio of the 1 × 3-TDMA is defined as the particle concentration passing the deliquescence test divided by that passing through the reference arm. The transmission ratio is unity in the absence of deliquescence and zero when a phase transition occurs, at least for ideal instrument performance in application to a test aerosol of fully deliquesceable particles. For the third flow passing out of the first DMA, an efflorescence test is run by using the RH profile of RH 0 → (RH 0 − δ) → RH 0 before passing through a fourth DMA. A full data set for the 1 × 3-TDMA is obtained by scanning RH 0 , typically from 20 to 85%. In the present paper, the 1 × 3-TDMA instrument is described, and laboratory data are presented for the phase transitions of externally mixed aerosols of aqueous and solid sodium chloride particles, aqueous and solid ammonium sulfate particles, and their mixtures, as well as a mixture of aqueous and solid sea salt particles. The observed transmission ratio is compared to a model analysis. The intent behind the development of this instrument is to deploy it for field measurements and use observations of

show abstract

Phase Transitions of Aqueous Atmospheric Particles

Cited by 714 publications

References 365 publications

Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles

Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles

Water Content and Phase Transitions in Particles of Inorganic and Organic Species and their Mixtures Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

The 1-by-3 Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer for Measurement of the Irreversibility of the Hygroscopic Growth Factor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About