Phased array transducer for emitting 40-kHz air-coupled ultrasound without grating lobes

Konetzke, Eric; Rutsch, Matthias; Hoffmann, Maik; Unger, Alexander; Golinske, Rene; Killat, Dirk; Ramadas, Sivaram Nishal; Dixon, Steve; Kupnik, Mario

doi:10.1109/ultsym.2015.0019

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The reduction in density is not completely disadvantageous, as measures to heatsink the transducers can be reduced for this case. A further metric for assessing the performance of focussing arrays is the Array Performance Indicator (API) defined in equation (2).…”

Section: Fibonacci Spiral Phased Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various approaches have been attempted to acheive this desired spacing. For example Konetzke et al [2] used acoustic wave guides although this has the disadvantage of adding thickness and mounting complexity to an array. Korobov et al placed transducers into Fresnel zone rings [3] with each excited out of phase, but with this design there was no control of the focal point position.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fibonacci Spiral Arranged Ultrasound Phased Array for Mid-Air Haptics

Price¹,

Long²

2018

2018 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)

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Ultrasound phased arrays are most commonly used in non-destructive testing and medical diagnostic applications. More recently mid-air haptic technology has utilized the acoustic radiation force to produce skin deformations and thus recreate the sensation of touch. The acoustic radiation force is the timeaveraged force exerted by an acoustic wave on a medium and can be spatially and temporally controlled using electronically steered phased ultrasonic arrays. An important problem with most phased arrays has been the presence of grating lobes arising from the periodicity of array element spacing and arrangement that are detrimental to haptic sensations. We show that by arranging the elements of an array in a Fibonacci spiral, one can suppress grating lobes. We discuss the benefits of fabricating Fibonacci spiral arrays as opposed to sparse arrays. We also discuss the benefits of removing grating lobes for mid-air haptic applications such as control panels for automotive dashboards and immersive experiences in VR.

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Section: Fibonacci Spiral Phased Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibonacci Spiral Arranged Ultrasound Phased Array for Mid-Air Haptics

Price¹,

Long²

2018

2018 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…When designing phased arrays, the impact of its configuration on the resulting frequency dependent steerable beam directivity pattern is determined by the sensing element spacing d . We can apply the Nyquist theorem to the spatial domain [20] and determine that grating lobes [21] are introduced into the directivity pattern, as spatial aliases, when the sensing element spacing d ⩾ λ 2 . Rearranging this simple equation, we can calculate the maximum frequency f max for which this array geometry can be used for beam steering without spatial aliases:…”

Section: Front Endmentioning

confidence: 99%

HiRIS: An Airborne Sonar Sensor With a 1024 Channel Microphone Array for In-Air Acoustic Imaging

Laurijssen,

Daems,

Steckel

2024

IEEE Access

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Airborne 3D imaging using ultrasound is a promising sensing modality for robotic applications in harsh environments. Over the last decade, several high-performance systems have been proposed in the literature. Most of these sensors use a reduced aperture microphone array, leading to artifacts in the resulting acoustic images. This paper presents a novel in-air ultrasound sensor that incorporates 1024 microphones, in a 32-by-32 uniform rectangular array, in combination with a distributed embedded hardware design to perform the data acquisition. Using a broadband Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) beamformer with Forward-Backward Spatial Smoothing (FB-SS), the sensor is able to create both 2D and 3D ultrasound images of the full-frontal hemisphere with high angular accuracy with up to 70dB main lobe to side lobe ratioin the array response in a single-source scenario. This paper describes both the hardware infrastructure needed to obtain such highly detailed acoustical images, as well as the signal processing chain needed to convert the raw acoustic data into said images. Utilizing this novel highresolution ultrasound imaging sensor, we wish to investigate the limits of both passive and active airborne ultrasound sensing by utilizing this virtually artifact-free imaging modality.

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“…However, the tinier the transducer is, the higher cost it will take. This is also applicable to those attaching specific physical structures such as the 3D printed wave guide [21], [22] and the shrinking tubes by Konetzke et al [23]. Considering the array volume selection, usually a large-aperture array with more elements has greater power and smaller angular resolution.…”

Section: Related Work a In-air Ultrasonic 3d Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-View Reconstruction Fusing Ultrasonic Phased Array and Camera for Mobile Robots in Simulation Environment

Ren,

Hong

2024

IEEE Access

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Distance sensors are important for mobile robots to perceive surrounding environment. Typical sensors like LiDARs and depth cameras have been widely used, yet each has its limitations, such as LiDARs' relatively high cost, depth cameras' limitation to indoor use, and their poor performance in detecting transparent objects directly. On the other hand, ultrasonic phased array that integrates multiple ultrasonic sensors not only enables 3D ranging and imaging, but also provides advantages of strong environmental adaptability, being cost-effective and being able to detect transparent objects. To explore the application of in-air ultrasonic phased arrays for mobile robots, we simulate a 40 kHz 5×5 non-uniform sparse ultrasonic phased array. The simulator emulates the process of phased array transmission and reception, and utilizes algorithms such as beamforming and matched filtering to obtain depth information in three-dimensional space. Then, a multi-view indoor 3D reconstruction method fusing the ultrasonic phased array and a monocular camera is proposed, where two scanning strategies are developed to handle different scenarios. Finally, the method is validated in different Gazebo scenarios and compared with other baseline methods like LiDARs and depth cameras. The experimental results reveal the method's strong performance in terms of accuracy, consistency and completeness.

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Phased array transducer for emitting 40-kHz air-coupled ultrasound without grating lobes

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Fibonacci Spiral Arranged Ultrasound Phased Array for Mid-Air Haptics

Fibonacci Spiral Arranged Ultrasound Phased Array for Mid-Air Haptics

HiRIS: An Airborne Sonar Sensor With a 1024 Channel Microphone Array for In-Air Acoustic Imaging

Multi-View Reconstruction Fusing Ultrasonic Phased Array and Camera for Mobile Robots in Simulation Environment

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