Phases’ characteristics of poultry litter hydrothermal carbonization under a range of process parameters

Mau, Vivian; Quance, Julie; Posmanik, Roy; Gross, Amit

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.027

Cited by 84 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The least studies carbonization product is the gas phase. The gas-phase generated during HTC is primarily composed of carbon dioxide (Berge et al, 2011;Broch et al, 2013;Funke and Ziegler, 2010b;Li et al, 2013;Mau et al, 2016). Other reported trace components of the gas-phase include methane, ethane, propane, propene, butane, hydrogen, furan, and hydrogen sulfide (e.g., Danso-Boateng et al, 2015;Funke, 2015;Li et al, 2013;Mau et al, 2016).…”

Section: Thesis Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium during HTC has been evaluated for a variety of feedstock, such as digestates, sewage sludge, agricultural residue (e.g., wheat straw, rice husk) and algae (Funke, 2015;Funke et al, 2013;Li et al, 2013;Mau et al, 2016;Nurdiawati et al, 2015;Reza et al, 2013;Smith et al, 2016;Sun et al, 2013;Reza et al, 2016). The results from these studies vary significantly, likely due to changes in feedstock properties and process conditions.…”

Section: A Review Of the Fate Of Nutrient During Htcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste for nutrient recovery and reuse

Idowu

Flora

et al. 2017

Waste Management

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Food waste represents a rather large and currently underutilized source of potentially available and reusable nutrients. Laboratory-scale experiments evaluating the hydrothermal carbonization of food wastes collected from restaurants were conducted to understand how changes in feedstock composition and carbonization process conditions influence primary and secondary nutrient fate. Results from this work indicate that at all evaluated reaction times and temperatures, the majority of nitrogen, calcium, and magnesium remain integrated within the solid-phase, while the majority of potassium and sodium reside in the liquid-phase. The fate of phosphorus is dependent on reaction times and temperatures, with solid-phase integration increasing with higher reaction temperature and longer time. A series of leaching experiments to determine potential solid-phase nutrient availability were also conducted and indicate that, at least in the short term, nitrogen release from the solids is small, while almost all of the phosphorus present in the solids produced from carbonizing at 225 and 250°C is released. At a reaction temperature of 275°C, smaller fractions of the solid-phase total phosphorus are released as reaction times increase, likely due to increased solids incorporation. Using these data, it is estimated that up to 0.96% and 2.30% of nitrogen and phosphorus-based fertilizers, respectively, in the US can be replaced by the nutrients integrated within hydrochar and liquid-phases generated from the carbonization of currently landfilled food wastes.

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Section: Thesis Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Review Of the Fate Of Nutrient During Htcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste for nutrient recovery and reuse

Idowu

Flora

et al. 2017

Waste Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since the cellulose was degraded, the more hydrophobic lignin, which has less OH-binding sites for water [ 50 ], probably had a stronger influence on the hydrochar's hydrophobicity. A smaller presence of OH-bonds has been reported for this 250°C hydrochar [ 30 ]. Principal component analysis of FTIR spectra of these hydrochars also confirmed that the 250°C hydrochar is markedly different from the other hydrochars [ 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…For example, at 250°C, the cellulose fraction underwent degradation, probably forming sugars—which were not measured, thus reducing the fraction of the hydrochar composition that was accounted for. A general chemical characterization of the poultry litter and hydrochars focusing on elemental composition and FTIR spectra can be found in Mau et al [ 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wetting properties of poultry litter and derived hydrochar

2018

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Detailed assessment of hydrochar wetting properties, which could provide an essential understanding of underlying mechanisms during its application to soils, is lacking. We characterized hydrochar produced from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) performed on poultry litter at various temperatures and for different times in terms of hydrophobicity and surface free energy properties. Hydrochar was more hydrophobic than untreated poultry litter, and its hydrophobicity increased with increasing HTC temperature (contact angle > 130°). These changes were correlated with degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose. Hydrochar produced at 250°C contained mostly lignin and displayed high hydrophobicity over both prolonged wetting periods and repeated wetting cycles. Surface free energy was calculated using the Owens–Wendt–Rabel–Kaelble and Wu models, with the latter resulting in lower standard errors. The surface free energy decreased as HTC treatment severity increased from 26 mJ/m2 in the poultry litter to 8 mJ/m2 after treatment at 250°C for 60 min. The dispersive component fraction of the surface free energy increased with increasing treatment severity. This study demonstrated that changes in the physical composition of hydrochar due to increased treatment severity increase its hydrophobicity and decrease its surface free energy. Moreover, due to non-persistent hydrophobicity, hydrochar produced at temperatures lower than 250°C will likely not show adverse effects on soils.

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Fuel properties and combustion performance of hydrochars prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of different recycling paper mill wastes

Assis

Chirwa

2022

Can J Chem Eng

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The incineration of high-moisture solid residues generated at the recycling paper mills represents an energetically unfavourable method of resource utilization. Alternatively, hydrothermal pre-treatment is considered. In this study, low-value paper sludges from three different recycling streams were hydrothermally carbonized at 205, 225, and 245 C for 3 h. The raw feedstocks and derived hydrochars were analyzed for energy properties, chemical characteristics, surface morphology, functional groups, and combustion performance employing energy densification and mass yield quantification, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analyzer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. The increase in reaction temperature was reported to cause a decrease in mass yield and an increase in energy densification and calorific values corresponding to 5.98%-49.35% and 10.10%-58.51% for raw fibre rejects and final sludge-derived hydrochar, respectively. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) had a non-significant influence on the energy densification of primary clarifier sludge-derived hydrochar. Higher reaction temperatures favoured the rate of dehydration and decarboxylation, leading to hydrochars with lower H/C and O/C ratios, thereby enhancing the overall fuel properties. The low-nitrogen and low-sulphur fuels obtained validated the effectiveness of HTC treatment to produce high-quality cleaner solid fuel. The burnout temperature was mostly reduced with an increase in HTC temperature. At HTC-205 and 225 C, the ignition temperature and the combustion performance increased as a result of the HTC reaction mechanisms. HTC effectively recovered hydrochar with increased carbon content, improved energy densification, and good combustion adequacy. Hydrochar derived from recycling mills may play a role in the energy sector as a substitute for coal or in co-combustion at coal-fired power plants.

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Phases’ characteristics of poultry litter hydrothermal carbonization under a range of process parameters

Cited by 84 publications

References 33 publications

Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste for nutrient recovery and reuse

Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste for nutrient recovery and reuse

Wetting properties of poultry litter and derived hydrochar

Fuel properties and combustion performance of hydrochars prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of different recycling paper mill wastes

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