Phasic alertness reverses the beneficial effects of accessory stimuli on choice reaction

Poth, Christian H.

doi:10.3758/s13414-019-01825-1

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Foreperiods distribution have been suggested to be strong modulators of temporal expectancy (e.g., Los et al, 2014 , 2017 ; Näätänen, 1970 , 1971 ; Niemi & Näätänen, 1981 ; Poth, 2020 ; Vangkilde et al, 2012 ). Following this previous research, we introduced an anti-geometric foreperiod distribution (Los et al, 2017 ; Mattiesing et al, 2017 ) between fixation mark and prime.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal expectancy modulates stimulus–response integration

Schmalbrock

Frings

2021

Atten Percept Psychophys

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We can use information derived from passing time to anticipate an upcoming event. If time before an event varies, responses towards this event become faster with increasing waiting time. This variable-foreperiod effect has been often observed in response-speed studies. Different action control frameworks assume that response and stimulus features are integrated into an event file that is retrieved later if features repeat. Yet the role of foreperiods has so far not been investigated in action control. Thus, we investigated the influence of foreperiod on the integration of action-perception features. Participants worked through a standard distractor–response binding paradigm where two consecutive responses are made towards target letters while distractor letters are present. Responses and/or distractors can repeat or change from first to second display, leading to partial repetition costs when only some features repeat or repetition benefits when all features repeat (the difference constituting distractor–response binding). To investigate the effect of foreperiod, we also introduced an anti-geometric distribution of foreperiods to the time interval before the first response display. We observed that distractor–response binding increased with increasing foreperiod duration, and speculate that this was driven by an increase in motor readiness induced by temporal expectancy.

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Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal expectancy modulates stimulus–response integration

Schmalbrock

Frings

2021

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…According to the dual‐process model of temporal preparation (Vallesi et al, 2009; Vallesi, Shallice, & Walsh, 2007), participants only benefit from readiness to respond when maintaining their preparation from the previous trial over a short FP; when they must maintain their preparation over a long FP, they lose this benefit. This may be due to the fact that remaining prepared over a long FP is cognitively expensive, and exhausts processing resources (i.e., voluntary monitoring) (Gottsdanker, 1970), or because a higher arousal precludes reinforcement of response readiness at the longest FP during a given trial (automatic process of trace‐conditioning) (e.g., Poth, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal preparation in adults with autistic spectrum disorder: The variable foreperiod effect

et al. 2021

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Research suggested the possibility that temporal cognition may be different in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Although there are some empirical studies examining timing ability in these individuals, to our knowledge, no one directly assessed the ability to predict when an event will occur. Here, we report a study on implicit temporal preparation in individuals with ASD as indexed by the variable foreperiod (FP) effect. We compared a group of adult ASD participants to a group of typically-developed (TD) controls, for their respective abilities to utilize implicit temporal information in a simple detection task with three different preparatory intervals (FP, short, middle and long). Participants were given a warning tone to signal an imminent stimulus, and asked to press a key as quickly as they could upon detection of the stimulus. Both groups were able to use implicit temporal information, as revealed by both the variable-FP effect (i.e., faster response for targets appearing after a long FP) and asymmetric sequential effects (i.e., slower response in short-FP trials following a previous long-FP trial). The TD group exhibited a faster response in a long-FP trial that was preceded by short-FP one, whereas the ASD group did not, as reflected in their higher percentage of response omissions for a target that appeared later than in the previous trial. The reduced ability of ASD participants to modulate their responses under these conditions might reflect a difficulty in time-based monitoring of stimulus occurrence. Lay SummaryTime-processing may be different in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). This study addressed the ability to anticipate a relevant stimulus's onset according to predictable interstimulus intervals comparing adults with ASD and typically developed controls. We found that ASD participants did not benefit from temporal preparation when stimulus appeared later than previously attended. This suggests a reduced ability in detecting implicit temporal regularities between events.

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“…Warning stimuli appearing shortly before visual targets improve behavioural performance by reducing reaction times ( Callejas et al, 2005 ; Fan et al, 2002 ; Fuentes & Campoy, 2008 ; Hackley, 2009 ; Hackley & Valle-Inclán, 1998 ; Lin & Lu, 2016 ; Posner & Boies, 1971 ; Poth, 2020 ; at the expense of accuracy: McCormick et al, 2019 ; Posner et al, 1973 ) and/or increasing perceptual and response accuracy ( Haupt et al, 2018 ; Kusnir et al, 2011 ; Matthias et al, 2010 ; Petersen et al, 2017 ; Wiegand et al, 2017 ). In this way, warning stimuli provide fundamental enhancements of human behaviour in time sensitive situations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phasic Alertness is Unaffected by the Attentional Set for Orienting

Dietze

Poth

2022

Journal of Cognition

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Warning stimuli preceding target stimuli for behaviour improve behavioural performance, which is referred to as phasic alerting. Similar benefits occur due to preceding orienting cues that draw spatial attention to the targets. It has long been assumed that alerting and orienting effects arise from separate attention systems, but recent views call this into question. As it stands, it remains unclear if the two systems are interdependent, or if they function independently. Here, we investigated whether the current attentional set for orienting modulates the effectiveness of alerting. In three experiments, participants classified visual stimuli in a speeded fashion. These target stimuli were preceded by orienting cues that could predict the target's location, by alerting cues that were neutral regarding the target's location, or by no cues. Alerting cues and orienting cues consisted of the same visual stimuli, linking alerting cues with the attentional set for orienting. The attentional set for orienting was manipulated in blocks, in which orienting cues were either informative or uninformative about the target's location. Results showed that while alerting generally enhanced performance, alerting was unaffected by the informativeness of the orienting cues. These findings show that alerting does not depend on the attentional set that controls orienting based on the informational value of orienting cues. As such, the findings provide a simple dissociation of mechanisms underlying phasic alertness and spatial attentional orienting.

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Phasic alertness reverses the beneficial effects of accessory stimuli on choice reaction

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Temporal expectancy modulates stimulus–response integration

Temporal expectancy modulates stimulus–response integration

Temporal preparation in adults with autistic spectrum disorder: The variable foreperiod effect

Phasic Alertness is Unaffected by the Attentional Set for Orienting

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