PhDnet Report 2019

Olsthoorn, Linda H. M.; Heckmann, Lea; Filippi, Alexander; Vieira, Renee M.; Varanasi, Rama Srinivas; Lasser, Jana; Bäuerle, Felix; Zeis, Patrice; Schulte-Sasse, Roman

doi:10.17617/2.3243876

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…One in five graduate students who responded to Nature's 2019 global PhD survey said they had experienced bullying (Nature 575, 403-406; 2019), and that students working abroad were not significantly more likely to be bullied than those working in their home countries. A study published in the same year by the Max Planck Society (MPS) in Germany showed that 10% of more than 9,000 respondents working at its 86 institutes reported having experienced bullying in the previous 12 months 2 .…”

Section: Forced Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Underpaid and overworked: researchers abroad fall prey to bullying

Fleming¹

2022

Nature

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hat kind of gibberish e-mail you sent me yesterday? Are you out of your mind? Do you want me to fire you?"A PhD candidate from the Middle East averts his eyes from his computer screen as his supervisor, the head of a chemical-engineering laboratory at a US university, shouts at him, saying his student work plan isn't detailed enough. The supervisor then shares his screen and begins typing an e-mail, issuing instructions to terminate the PhD candidate's access to the lab.The exchange, which took place in November 2020, is from a series of videos seen by Nature that document a senior academic repeatedly yelling at his student, belittling him in front of colleagues and threatening to cut his income. The student and a former female PhD student colleague, who is also from a Middle Eastern country, allege that their group leader bullied them, but not other team members, because they were in the United States on a single-entry F-1 visa and he thus had the power to determine whether they could stay. They started recording the video meetings during the COVID-19 pandemic when, they say, his abuse moved online.The Academic Parity Movement (APM), a global anti-bullying initiative, defines academic bullying as sustained hostile behaviour, potentially including ridicule, threats, privacy invasions and interference with HOW RESEARCHERS ABROAD CAN FALL PREY TO BULLYINGNature investigates multiple instances of scholars on working visas experiencing abuse and salary discrimination. By Nic Fleming

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Section: Forced Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Underpaid and overworked: researchers abroad fall prey to bullying

Fleming¹

2022

Nature

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“…The every day scientific work of scientists is full of tasks. So many that scientists have difficulties to keep up with literature [42], scientists tend to work on weekends [43][44][45]. Concepts how to organise daily scientific work are difficult to find, while an overwhelming number of tools exist.…”

Section: Table Of Contents Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing the electrical dynamics on the heart

Rüchardt¹

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The heart is an electro-mechanical system. In 2010 about 4.25 million people died from cardiac arrhythmias. Immediate treatment in case of fibrillation is to shock the heart electrically with high energy to reset the electrical system. However high energy shocks cause severe side effects: the heart tissue is damaged, patients develop anxiety and panic disorders. To reduce these side effects low energy defibrillation methods are developed in the research group biomedical physics (RGBMP) at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization.Low energy defibrillation is researched in-vivo and ex-vivo using extracted hearts in Langendorff perfusion. In these experiments the current used for defibrillation is drastically reduced, therefore it is important to understand where the current employed interacts with the heart. For this thesis I rebuilt the experimental setups including shock electrodes and ECG-measurement panels of the RGBMP in-silico using the software Gmsh for computer augmented design (and subsequent computational mesh generation). I extracted the anatomical features of the torso, the heart and the heart muscle's fibre orientation from medical image data and I combined both to create geometrical models of the in-vivo and ex-vivo experiments. I implemented a numerical framework to calculate the current flow in these models and conducted simulation studies together with Master student Simon Wassing.We found out that the ratio of the total current that interacts with the heart is between 8 % and 15 % of the total current depending on the heart size. Also the positioning of the heart with respect to the electrodes changes the current. We found out that by lowering the heart from a centralised position of the heart between the electrodes in z direction the current flowing through the heart can be increased by up to 20 %.Patients with a high risk of cardiac fibrillation usually are under pharmaceutical treatment. If this fails ablation therapy is applied. In ablation therapy parts of the heart are burned either by heat or by cold to stabilize the electrical system in the heart to reduce the probability of arrhythmias. A method called inverse ECG or ECG imaging is researched worldwide to provide information about the properties of the heart tissue to identify the regions to burn. I extended the numerical framework with a method for cardiac electric dynamics, potential reconstruction, diffusion of the potential into the vicinity of the bath and ECG signal integration.The source of the ECG signals is a potential distribution at the outside of the heart. They are referenced against other ECG electrodes to handle that fact that potentials are only defined up to a constant. This can be interpreted as the ECG signal being 8.

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PhDnet Report 2019

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Underpaid and overworked: researchers abroad fall prey to bullying

Underpaid and overworked: researchers abroad fall prey to bullying

Reconstructing the electrical dynamics on the heart

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