Phenazine-based photosensitizers for singlet oxygen generation

Abstract

New phenazine-based photosensitizers with extended conjugation and different functional groups were developed, and their photophysical properties and photosensitizing abilities to produce singlet oxygen were investigated.

La(iii)–curcumin-functionalized gold nanocomposite as a red light-activatable mitochondria-targeting PDT agent

“…The significant red-shift (NIR range) in the SPR band from the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to the nanocomposite (1-AuNPs) was due to a facile low energy electronic transition between the AuNP surface and La(III), which is called plasmoninduced resonance energy transfer (PIRET). 81 The ligand L 1 (100 µM) and curcumin (100 µM) exhibited luminescence bands at 564 nm (λ ex = 350 nm) and 543 nm (λ ex = 450 nm), respectively, in CH 3 OH at ambient temperature. However, complex 1 exhibited fluorescence at λ em = 557 nm (λ ex = 450 nm; quantum yield, 0.053) in its fluorescence spectrum under similar experimental conditions (Fig.…”

Synthetic strategies of phenazine derivatives: A review

“…In 2014, Tandon and co-workers [79] reported an efficient and concise one-pot regio-and chemo-selective synthesis of benzo[a]phenazine and derivatives (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). As shown in Scheme 3, this method was employed for 2, 3-dichloro-1, 4-naphoquinone to nucleophile with ophenylenediamine and benzamidine under the condition of H 2 O in the presence of alkali and micelles (SDS) as catalysts, achieving the expected products in excellent yields.…”

“…Phenazine is an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles endowing particular backbone structure with electron-deficient π system and lone pair electrons on N atoms [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. It has been widely explored in the fields of medicine, pesticides, dyes, and conductive materials [5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Since then, a plenteous of phenazine derivatives have been synthesized and identified due to their attractive performance [15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…Notably, these strategies effectively avoid the major drawbacks of traditional methods and simultaneously provide concise process to furnish structurally various phenazine derivatives in good to excellent yields [49,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. Despite the giant achievements in the synthesis of phenazine derivatives recently, using greener and more resource-economical synthetic strategies are still particularly attractive for environmentally benign society [11,[64][65][66][67][68][69]. Therefore, in this review, we are mainly focusing on the recent progress in the design of enabling sustainable and resource-saving strategies toward phenazine derivatives for improving their practical application in the future.…”

New Approach in the Application of Conjugated Polymers: The Light-Activated Source of Versatile Singlet Oxygen Molecule

“…Moreover, for the medical applications PS must have low dark toxicity [ 11 ]. Among the classical photosensitizers, the following groups can be defined: (a) organic dyes and aromatic hydrocarbons, (e.g., rose bengal, methylene blue, anthracene), (b) porphyrins, phthalocyanines, (c) transition metals (e.g., ruthenium, platinum, palladium) complexes, and (d) inorganic semiconductors (e.g., TiO 2 , ZnO) [ 1 , 12 , 13 ]. They are very efficient in the photogeneration of singlet oxygen; however each of them possesses some weaknesses.…”