Phenelzine vs Atenolol in Social Phobia

Liebowitz, Michael R.; Schneier, F.; Campeas, Raphael; Hollander, Eric; Hatterer, Julie A.; Fyer, Abby J.; Gorman, Jack M.; Papp, Laszlo A.; Davies, Sharon; Gully, Robert; Klein, Donald F.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.49.4.290

Cited by 395 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although b-blockers can be beneficial in humans, their efficacy is limited to performance anxiety (Faigel, 1991;Liebowitz et al, 1992), therefore we did not assess them in the SFC paradigm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Fear Conditioning: A Novel and Specific Animal Model to Study Social Anxiety Disorder

Toth

Neumann

Slattery

2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

125

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Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a major health concern with high lifetime prevalence. The current medication is rather unspecific and, despite considerable efforts, its efficacy is still unsatisfactory. However, there are no appropriate and specific animal models available to study the underlying etiology of the disorder. Therefore, we aimed to establish a model of specific social fear in mice and use this social fear conditioning (SFC) model to assess the therapeutic efficacy of the benzodiazepine diazepam and of the antidepressant paroxetine; treatments currently used for SAD patients. We show that by administering electric foot shocks (2-5, 1 s, 0.7 mA) during the investigation of a con-specific, the investigation of unfamiliar con-specifics was reduced for both the short-and long-term, indicating lasting social fear. The induced fear was specific to social stimuli and did not lead to other behavioral alterations, such as fear of novelty, general anxiety, depression, and impaired locomotion. We show that social fear was dose-dependently reversed by acute diazepam, at doses that were not anxiolytic in a non-social context, such as the elevated plus maze. Finally, we show that chronic paroxetine treatment reversed social fear. All in all, we demonstrated robust social fear after exposure to SFC in mice, which was reversed with both acute benzodiazepine and chronic antidepressant treatment. We propose the SFC model as an appropriate animal model to identify the underlying etiology of SAD and possible novel treatment approaches.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Fear Conditioning: A Novel and Specific Animal Model to Study Social Anxiety Disorder

Toth

Neumann

Slattery

2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The CGI-S scale is commonly used in clinical trials of the anxiety disorders and specifically with social anxiety trials (Davidson et al, 1993, Heimberg et al, 1998Liebowitz et al, 1992, Simpson et al, 1998. It has demonstrated good concurrent validity with both self-report and clinician-administered measures of social anxiety symptomotology and impairment .…”

Section: Anxiety Disorders Interviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive behavior therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial

Herbert

Gaudiano

Rheingold

et al. 2009

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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Early identification and treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD) is critical to prevent development of a chronic course of symptoms, persistent functional impairment, and progressive psychiatric comorbidity. A small but growing literature supports the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders, including SAD, in adolescence. The present randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of group vs. individual CBT for adolescents with generalized SAD in relation to an educational/supportive psychotherapy that did not contain specific CBT elements. All three treatments were associated with significant reductions in symptoms and functional impairment, and in improved social skills. No differences between treatments emerged on measures of symptoms, but the CBT conditions demonstrated greater gains on behavioral measures. The implications of the findings are discussed. KeywordsSocial anxiety disorder; adolescence; social phobia; cognitive behavior therapy Address correspondence to: James D. Herbert, Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Mail Stop 988, 245 N. 15 th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1192 or via james.herbert@drexel.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptSocial anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is characterized by a marked and persistent fear and/or avoidance of social situations in which one fears being negatively evaluated by others or being subjected to embarrassment (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). SAD is divided into two subtypes: generalized and non-generalized. Individuals with generalized SAD experience anxiety across most social situations, whereas those with the non-generalized subtype fear a specific social or performance situation (Hofmann, Albano, Heimberg, Tracey, Chorpita, & Barlow, 1999). SAD is widely believed to be among the most prevalent of psychiatric conditions, although most individuals with the disorder are never identified and do not obtain treatment (Chavira, Stein, Bailey, & Stein 2004;Kessler et al., 1994). Without treatment, SAD tends to follow a chronic, unremitting course. Onset is typically in the early teens, with a mean onset of 15.5 years (Schneier, Johnson, Hornig, Liebowitz, & Weissman, 1992). Although the vast majority of research on SAD has focused on adults, the early onset, chronicity, high levels of comorbidity, and substantial distress and functional impairment associated with the disorder highlight the critical importance of effective early ass...

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“…The clinician-administered Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS [1] ) is a well-validated (e.g., [2] ) scale used to assess the dimensional severity of social anxiety disorder symptoms and changes in symptoms of social anxiety disorder over the course of treatment (e.g., [3][4][5][6][7][8] ). The LSAS is a 24-item scale that measures fear and avoidance of social situations over the past week.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for social anxiety disorder with the self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale

et al. 2009

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Phenelzine vs Atenolol in Social Phobia

Cited by 395 publications

References 33 publications

Social Fear Conditioning: A Novel and Specific Animal Model to Study Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Fear Conditioning: A Novel and Specific Animal Model to Study Social Anxiety Disorder

Cognitive behavior therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial

Screening for social anxiety disorder with the self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale

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