Phenetic and cladistic relationships among tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera)

Abstract

Abstract. The higher classification of Tenebrionidae is analysed using numerical phenetic, numerical cladistic and traditional Hennigian methods. In all, eighty characters are examined for about 335 taxa; definitive analyses are made on combinations of eighteen to seventy characters for thirty‐three OTUs. At lower levels of relationship (genera and closely related tribes) phenetic and cladistic classifications are shown to be congruent, but at higher levels (tribes and subfamilies) there is marked discordance with phenetic results being more stable. A consensus classification is more similar to the Hennigian cladogram than is any single computer generated cladogram. Two main tribal groups – the Lagrioid and Tenebrionoid groups – are suggested which differ in defensive glands, female anatomy, wing and mouthpart morphology, larval characters and other features. The Tenebrionoid group consists of three main subdivisions – the tenebrionine, coelometopine and diaperine lineages. Changes in classificatory position are recommended for eighty‐seven genera and tribes (listed in Appendix E) and implied for numerous others.

Body size is not critical for criticalPO2 in scarabaeid and tenebrionid beetles

“…We additionally conducted an independent contrast analysis in Mesquite (Maddison and Maddison, 2006) using the PDAP module (MESQUITE V1.12) and in R using the 'ape' package (Paradis et al, 2004) to make phylogenetic corrections. The topology of the phylogenetic tree was constructed using previously published work (Doyen and Tschinkel, 1982;Kaiser et al, 2007;Mestrovic et al, 2006;Smith et al, 2006) and consultation with Dr Kelly Miller (Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA) and Dr Clarke Scholtz (Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa). To test for the influence of phylogenetic effects, we performed OLS and SMA line-fits on independent contrasts using normalized branch lengths.…”

Description of the early stages of Anomalipus plebejus plebejulus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Zimbabwe with notes on the classification of the Opatrinae

“…In 1974 Watt, when distin guishing tenebrionid subfamilies, analysed 21 adult and 15 preimaginal characters, while Doyen & Tschinkel (1982) used 80 characters only 7 of which are larval. The world identification keys for tenebrionid larvae contained in the papers of Skopin (1964Skopin ( , 1978 and Watt (1974) are only useful for separating of Opatrinae larvae from other tenebrionids if the reservations mentioned in this paper are considered.…”

“…Hence this feature must be rejected as diagnostic of the Blapimorpha in the sense of Watt (1974) but could be used in a future key with the reservation that it does not pertain to all taxa (the same applies to the undivided tarsungulus, see above). Doyen & Tschinkel (1982) used the dmme in a phylo genetic analysis of Tenebrionidae. In the tenebrionoid branch, one of the groups they distinguished is the opatrine lineage, including the subfamily Opatrinae sensu Medvedev (1968) with Helopini and Ulomini sensu Gebien (1938Gebien ( -1939.…”

“…This account is the first modern description of the egg and first and older larval instars of the genus Anomalipus and the subtribe Anomalipina. The significance of larval characters of Anomalipus and other relevant taxa for classification of the subfamily Opatrinae sensu Medvedev (1968) [= "opatrine lineage: Opatrini" sensu Doyen & Tschinkel (1982)] are discussed. A synopsis ofPlatynotini larvae is presented.…”

Descripcion De Huevos Y Larvas De Primer Estadio Del Genero Gyriosomus Guerin-Meneville, 1834 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Nycteliini)

“…Para la descripción de la estructura y ornamentación del exocorion se utilizó la nomenclatura seguida por Jerez (2003) y Pizarro-Araya et al (2003). Para la morfología larvaria se siguió a Keleynikova (1963Keleynikova ( , 1970, López-Sánchez et al (1985a, 1985b, 1987, Doyen (1988, 1993) y Pizarro-Araya et al (2003. RESULTADOS DESCRIPCIÓN DEL HUEVO Cada ovipostura consta de 7 a 10 huevos unidos lateralmente y cada huevo está recubierto por una pelícu-la de arena adherida al corion mediante un mucílago producido por las hembras al momento de la oviposición.…”