Phenetic Kinship Relationship of Apocynaceae Family Based on Morphological and Anatomical Characters

Abstract

Background: Biodiversity in Indonesia is so diverse, including in Apocynaceae plants that is why it is important to study the kinship relationship to find out the kinship of Apocynaceae. The purpose of this study was to determine phenetic kinship through morphological and anatomical evidence from four members of the Apocynaceae family. Methods: The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative method. The samples in this study were four species of Apocynaceae family members, including Adenium obesum, Plumeria rubra, Catharanthus roseus, and Allamanda cathartica. The indicators used were the morphological traits of stems, leaves, and flowers and the anatomical trait of stomata. Results: The result showed that the phenetic kinship of the four species of the Apocynaceae family member namely Alamanda cathartica had a distant kinship relationship with the other species with a similarity value of 31%. Conclusions: Thus, the familial relationship between species in the Apocynaceae family in terms of morphological and anatomical characters that have a close relationship with Plumeria rubra and Adenium obesum with a similarity value of 44% and the most distant Alamanda cathartica with a similarity value of 31%.
 

The Study of Taxonomic Affinity in 7 Species of Asteraceae Family Based on Morphological Characters

“…From the dendogram we can also observe that the character of flower type, flower color, leaf base, leaf venation, leaf margin, and leaf color contributed to the clustering of 7 species into 2 major groups. Indeed, morphological characters are one of the practical taxonomic sources to discriminate groups [14], trace taxonomic affinity of the species [15] and the approach to using morphology in taxonomic affinity is very important because it can cluster species in their taxon correctly [16]. A total of 67 species of Berkheya (family Asteraceae) were grouped into 14 groups based on the morphology of the achene [17].…”

Witches, potions, and metabolites: an overview from a medicinal perspective

“…46 Species belonging to this family, in general, produce bioactive substances, such as cardiac glycosides and alkaloids, especially indole alkaloids, which are nitrogenous compounds derived from tryptophan, whose heterocyclic ring contains five or six carbons and one nitrogen as a heteroatom. 47 Rauwolfia serpentina produces several alkaloids, including reserpine, which has been widely used for the treatment of hypertensive, nervous and mental disorders 48 (Fig. 6).…”