Phenogram Based on Allozymes and Its Relationship to Classical Biosystematics and Pheromone Structure among Eleven Diabroticites (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Krysan, James L.; McDonald, Ian C.; Tumlinson, James H.

doi:10.1093/aesa/82.5.574

Cited by 28 publications

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“…A phylogenetic study of five Diabrotica species (Krysan et al ., 1989) found minimal genetic differentiation among fifteen WCR and six MCR populations. Among other diabroticite beetles, low levels of allozyme variation have also been observed in NCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in geographical populations of western and Mexican corn rootworm

Szalanski

Roehrdanz

Taylor

et al. 1999

Insect Molecular Biology

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Genetic variation in the nuclear rDNA ITS1 region of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (WCR), and Mexican corn rootworm, D. v. zeae (MCR) was studied. Two sites were detected which differentiated WCR and MCR in the 642-base sequence. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) sequence revealed no variation within or among the twelve WCR and two MCR populations. PCR-RFLP of 75% of the mitochondrial DNA genome detected one significant polymorphic site out of the approximately 190 restriction sizes observed in WCR. The polymorphism did not differentiate geographical populations of WCR and is not diagnostic for the subspecies. The low levels of variation observed in WCR suggests either high levels of gene flow or a recent geographical expansion from a relatively small base. Gene flow would facilitate the rapid spread of traits that could compromise control programmes, such as insecticide resistance or behavioural modifications. The minimal genetic differentiation between WCR and MCR raises questions about the evolutionary history of these subspecies and how the distinct phenotypes are maintained.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in geographical populations of western and Mexican corn rootworm

Szalanski

Roehrdanz

Taylor

et al. 1999

Insect Molecular Biology

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“…Cinnamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol (phenethanol), 3-phenylpropanol (phenpropanol), and eugenol are attractants for D. barberi (17) and for the closely related D. cristata (Harris) breeding in big bluestem Andropogon gerardi of relict prairie (15). Recently, we have found that two plantproduced phenylpropanoids, 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde for D. virgifera (16) The spectrum of olfactory responses of the several diabroticite species to individual volatile components of Cucurbita blossoms indicates that antennal olfactory receptors of the rootworm beetles have evolved as speciation has occurred over the 30 million years (0.7 genetic distances) since Acalymma separated from Diabrotica and the latter diverged into the polyphagous fucata group of neotropical nondiapausing species-e.g., D. undecimpunctata howardi and D. balteata-and the virgifera group of nearctic, diapausing, univoltine species-e.g., D. barberi, D. cristata, and D. virgifera virgifera (18).…”

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Evolution of diabroticite rootworm beetle (Chrysomelidae) receptors for Cucurbita blossom volatiles.

Metcalf

Lampman

1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The diabroticite rootworm beetles coevolved with plants of the family Cucurbitaceae as demonstrated by their feeding dependence on the tetracyclic triterpenoid cucurbitacins. These beetles also exhibit strong attraction to phenylpropanoid volatile components of Cucurbita blossoms. A mixture of 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene, indole, and (E)-cinnamaldehyde, all blossom components, is highly attractive to the several species of diabroticite cucumber beetles and corn rootworms and is considered a simplified Cucurbita blossom kairomone odor. The evolutionary divergence in antennal receptor complementarity is best understood by comparing the species-specific responses of several Diabrotica to structural analogues of (E)-cinnamaldehyde, the major attractant for Diabrolica undecimpunctata howardi. Cinnamyl alcohol is a strong attractant for Diabrotica barberi, and 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde is an exceptional attractant for Diabrotica virgifera. The very closely related species D. barberi and Diabrotica cristata are most strongly attracted to 4-methoxyphenethanol, which is unattractive to the other species studied.The blossoms of Cucurbitaceae are well known to be highly attractive to many species of diabroticite rootworm beetles, including such major pests as the northern corn rootworm Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence, the southern corn rootworm Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, the banded cucumber beetle Diabrotica balteata Leconte, and the striped cucumber beetle Acalymma vittatum (Fabricius) (1)(2)(3)(4). The aggregations of diabroticite beetles in Cucurbita blossoms are the result of the concerted attraction from an array of blossom volatiles that increases the arrival rate, acting together with the singular arrestant and phagostimulant properties of the tetracyclic triterpenoid cucubitacins in the blossoms that delay departure (2, 4-7). The blossoms of Cucurbita maxima produce an array of >40 volatile chemicals (1, 2), and 22 of these chemicals have been identified by MS (8). Extensive field evaluations have shown that at least 10 of the volatile compounds are attractive to adults of both sexes of the diabroticite rootworms (4, 9).Most of the highly attractive Cucurbita volatiles are phenylpropanoids, C6C3 compounds formed in the shikimic acid pathway through phenylalanine to cinnamic acid (10). Phenylpropanoids are produced from cinnamic acid in relatively large amounts during pollen maturation in blossoms (11,12). Thus, the remarkable long-range attraction of many species of diabroticites to the blossoms of Cucurbitaceae implies that the original coevolutionary association between Cucurbitaceae and diabroticites (5) was that of pollen seeking and consequent fertilization. Coleoptera are considered to be the most primitive pollinators of angiosperms and were probably associated with open bowl-shaped flowers, where the beetles fed on floral secretions, nectar, and pollen (13).All of the diabroticite species examined are attracted to chem...

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“…There are a few reports of genetic variation within and among populations of D. v. virgifera (Krysan et al 1989, Krafsur 1999, Szalanski et al 1999. A phylogenetic study of Diabrotica species (Krysan et al 1989) revealed low levels of allozyme variation as well as little genetic differentiation among 15 western corn rootworm populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A phylogenetic study of Diabrotica species (Krysan et al 1989) revealed low levels of allozyme variation as well as little genetic differentiation among 15 western corn rootworm populations. In an allozyme study of D. v. virgifera collected in Iowa, Krafsur (1999) found that only 7 of 36 allozyme loci were polymorphic, with a mean expected heterozygosity of only 0.048.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Structuring of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations in the United States Based on Microsatellite Loci Analysis

Kim

Sappington

2005

Environ Entomol

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Phenogram Based on Allozymes and Its Relationship to Classical Biosystematics and Pheromone Structure among Eleven Diabroticites (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic variation in geographical populations of western and Mexican corn rootworm

Genetic variation in geographical populations of western and Mexican corn rootworm

Evolution of diabroticite rootworm beetle (Chrysomelidae) receptors for Cucurbita blossom volatiles.

Genetic Structuring of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations in the United States Based on Microsatellite Loci Analysis

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