Phenolformaldehyde resin in paper

Malten, K. E.; Seutter, E.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00947.x

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Until recently, only 3 contact sensitizers, besides the starting material formaldehyde, were recognized in resins based on phenol and formaldehyde (P-F-R). These are 2-methylol phenol (2-MP) (1--4), 4-methylol phenol (4-MP) (3-5) and 2,4,6-trimethylol phenol (2,4,6-MP) (2)(3)(4)(5). Recently, additional contact sensitizers have been identified in P-F-R. 3 of these sensitizers are also methylol-substituted phenols, 3-methylol phenol, 2,4-dimethylol phenol and 2,6-dimethylol phenol (6) while 3 of the sensitizers are not methylolsubstituted, i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitizing capacity of 2‐methylol phenol, 4‐methylol phenol and 2, 4, 6‐trimethylol phenol in the guinea pig

Bruze¹

1986

Contact Dermatitis

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The sensitizing capacities of 2-methylol phenol (2-MP), 4-methylol phenol (4-MP) and 2,4,6-trimethy-101 phenol (2,4,6-MP) were investigated with the guinea pig maximization test. These compounds are known sensitizers in phenol-formaldehyde resins. The study was performed in order to assess and compare the degree of the sensitizing capacities of these chemically related substances. The animals were also rechallenged with the sensitizer and 5 chemically related compounds in order to study the cross-reaction patterns.2-MP was demonstrated to be a strong sensitizer, 4-MP a moderate sensitizer and 2,4,6-MP a weak sensitizer. With 2-MP as the sensitizer, o-cresol and 2,4-dimethyl phenol were possible crossreacting substances. p-cresol and 2,4,-dimethylol phenol were possible cross-reacting compounds for 4-MP.The chemical investigation by high pressure liquid chromatography indicated that the compounds tested were pure and separable.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitizing capacity of 2‐methylol phenol, 4‐methylol phenol and 2, 4, 6‐trimethylol phenol in the guinea pig

Bruze¹

1986

Contact Dermatitis

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“…This fact argues against metabolism of salicylaldehyde to 2-MP as the cause for all reactions to salicylaldehyde. Simultaneous reactions to 2-MP and salicylaldehyde were recently reported in I patient who was tested with I concentration of each substance (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Recently, 3-methylol phenol (3-MP), 2,4-dimethylol phenol (2,4-MP) and 2,6-dimethylol phenol (2,6-MP) were demonstrated as contact sensitizers in resins based on phenol and formaldehyde (P-F-R) (1,2). Other simple methylol phenols (MPs), such as 2-methylol phenol (2-MP), 4methylol phenol (4-MP) and 2,4,6-trimethylol phenol (2,4,, have earlier been recognized as sensitizers in P-F-R (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). For both individual and general prevention of allergic contact dermatitis, it is necessary to know the cross-reaction pattern of the sensitizer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cross‐reaction patterns in patients with contact allergy to simple methylol phenols

Bruze¹,

Zimerson²

1997

Contact Dermatitis

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The low-molecular-weight phenols 2-methylol phenol (2-MP), 4-methylol phenol (4-MP), 2,4,6-trimethylol phenol (2,4,6-MP), 3-methylol phenol (3-MP), 2,4-dimethylol phenol (2,4-MP), and 2,6-dimethylol phenol (2,6-MP) are contact sensitizers in resins based on phenol and formaldehyde (P-F-R). Other chemically related low-molecular-weight phenols are common in the environment. In patients hypersensitive to P-F-R and MPs, it is for diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive reasons necessary to know their cross-reaction patterns, which this study was therefore designed to investigate. In patients with contact allergy to a P-F-R and at least 1 MP, additional patch testing was performed with 6 MPs and 13 chemically related compounds. The 19 substances were tested at equimolar concentrations and in serial dilutions. Investigations by high-performance liquid chromatography were carried out to exclude contamination as the cause of the patch test reactions. Probable cross-reacting substances were o-cresol, p-cresol, salicylaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl phenol, and 2,6-dimethyl phenol.

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“…In addition to free formaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, a reaction by-product detected by our environmental sampling of the uncured phenolic resin, has been reported to cause contact sensitization. 22 Depolycondensation and self-condensation reactions have been described by Bruze as responsible for the generation of other intermediate compounds which that act as contact sensitizers. 23 Even protective gloves have been implicated in the development of such skin disorders as itching, irritation, eczema, and hand sweat.…”

Section: A Environmentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-88-294-1974, Boeing Aircraft, Seattle, Washington.

1989

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Phenolformaldehyde resin in paper

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Sensitizing capacity of 2‐methylol phenol, 4‐methylol phenol and 2, 4, 6‐trimethylol phenol in the guinea pig

Sensitizing capacity of 2‐methylol phenol, 4‐methylol phenol and 2, 4, 6‐trimethylol phenol in the guinea pig

Cross‐reaction patterns in patients with contact allergy to simple methylol phenols

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-88-294-1974, Boeing Aircraft, Seattle, Washington.

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