Phenolic acids alleviate high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced metabolic disorders in rats

Abstract

Phenolic acids are naturally occurring compounds with meritorious physiological activities. The purpose of this study was to compare the ameliorative effects of six common phenolic acids on diet‐induced metabolic syndrome (MS) in rats. SD rats were fed with high‐fat and high‐fructose diet supplemented with equimolar concentration of individual phenolic acids for 13 weeks. Results showed that different phenolic acids ameliorated MS through different ways. Compared with other phenolic acids, caffeic acid exerted more comprehensive effect in alleviating MS, with significant effects in attenuating hyperlipidemia, elevating glucose tolerance, improving antioxidant status, and normalizing hepatic functions. Ellagic acid exhibited good performance in hypolipidemia, anti‐inflammation, and reducing visceral fat. Gallic acid and ρ‐coumaric acid showed marked effects in regulating liver steatosis, while chlorogenic acid exhibited potential hepatic protective and anti‐inflammatory abilities. These results will benefit the application of these phenolic acids in the development of functional food for MS population. Practical applications The high morbidity of metabolic syndrome (MS) has driven people to seek for natural and safe compounds to maintain optimal health. Different phenolic acids were shown to ameliorate MS through different ways, which provides experimental basis for developing combinations or formulas of phenolic acids with more comprehensive effects. Conversely, caffeic acid showed relatively better effects in attenuating features of metabolic disorders, and was suggested for the future development of functional foods for the population with MS.

Dietary Ferulic Acid Ameliorates Metabolism Syndrome-Associated Hyperuricemia in Rats via Regulating Uric Acid Synthesis, Glycolipid Metabolism, and Hepatic Injury

“…After prolonged ingestion of HFFD, an increasing number of people suffer from MetS, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic diseases, which are closely linked to HUA ( 9 , 32 ). Under the circumstances of most drugs that show some side effects, dietary intervention derived from natural ingredients exhibits a great advantage ( 16 , 17 , 34 ).…”

“…Under the circumstances of most drugs that show some side effects, dietary intervention derived from natural ingredients exhibits a great advantage ( 16 , 17 , 34 ). Our team successfully established a MetS model using HFFD in vivo and reported that several polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids could alleviate MetS ( 2 , 32 , 35 ). Ferulic acid, one of the phenolic acid compounds, possessed a beneficial function in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidation, antiinflammation, etc.…”

“…The blood glucose concentrations were monitored by the tail blood using a glucometer (Life Scan Inc., Milpitas, CA, United States) with One Touch Ultra test trips at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min of gavage or injection. The integrated areas under the curve (AUC) of OGTT and ITT were calculated by a trapezoidal method ( 32 ).…”

Recent Studies on Protective Effects of Walnuts against Neuroinflammation

“…In a study using EA to treat an LPS-induced dopamine neuronal damage rat model, EA had a profound effect on protecting dopamine neurons via suppression of the microglial nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling activation and reduction of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-18) expression [ 62 ]. In another study of Sprague Dawley rats fed with a high-fat diet supplemented with equimolar concentrations of EA for 13 weeks, EA exhibited good anti-inflammatory performance, for example by reducing serum cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α [ 63 ]. Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, GA) has a wide range of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties [ 64 ].…”

Synthesis and evaluation of new sesamol-based phenolic acid derivatives with hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects

“…4). It has been reported that its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity may ameliorate tissue damage and inflammation from oxidative stress or/and free radical accumulation that were implicated in hepatic injury as well as in hyperlipidemia [25,26].…”