Phenolic compounds and biological activities of phenolic extract of olive oil mill wastewater issue from the cold extraction of olive oil from Khenchela (Algeria)

Abstract

This study aimed to the determination of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant activities of phenolic compounds present in olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) issue from the cold extraction of olive oil from Khenchela eastern of Algeria.After polyphenols extraction, a quantity and quality analysis by LC-MS was made. The LC-MS (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry)results were revealed the presence of 20 phenolic compounds in theextract of OMW which were: (quinic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, transfrolic acid, hyperoside (quercetin-3-o-galactoside), luteolin-7-o-glucoside, naringin, 4.5-di-caffeoyquinic acid, quercetrin(quercetin-3-o-rhamonosid), apegenin-7-o-glucoside, salviolinic acid, kampherol, quercetin, naringenin, apegenin,cirsiliol, and cirsilineol). The results of antioxidant activity with DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS+ (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma)showed that the IC50(half-maximal inhibitory concentration) were(9.62 ± 0.28µg/mL, 7.10 ± 0.11µg/mL and 3.59 ± 0.24µg/mL)respectively. The extract of OMW was found to exhibit the highestinhibitory effectanti-inflammatory activity usinginhibition of protein denaturation(IPD) and membrane stabilizing potential (MSP) tests (80.46 ± 3.81; 87.43 ± 0.66 µg/mL) more than the standard used. In addition, the extract had the best anticoagulation activity in the endogenous and exogenous pathways (44.77 ± 0.25s; 15.84 ± 0.12s). Based on these results, it is right to conclude that OMW is an important source of natural phenolic compounds that have important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant activities.